慢性化脓性中耳炎的微生物学研究进展

慢性化脓性中耳炎(CSOM)是一种常见病多发病，CSOM是一种多因素疾病，由环境、细菌、宿主和遗传危险因素等一系列因素相互作用引起，细菌感染是CSOM重要的原因之一。由于地区、民族、饮食习惯等差异，CSOM在世界各地的发病率及细菌种类也有所差异。既往基于培养技术获得CSOM部分优势菌群，但不能获得CSOM细菌群落的全貌，限制了CSOM的病原学研究。随着各项检测技术的提高，特别是16S rRNA测序及宏基因组测序等分子技术的发展，CSOM病原学研究也逐步完善，这不仅对抗生素的选择提供依据，同时也能进一步研究细菌在CSOM中的致病机制。

Advances on microbiology of chronic suppurative otitis media

Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a common and frequent disease. Bacterial infection is one of the most important causes of CSOM, which is caused by the interaction of environmental, bacterial, host and genetic risk factors. Due to regional, ethnic, dietary and other differences, it is also different for the incidence of CSOM and bacterial species in different parts of the world. Previously, some of the dominant groups of CSOM were obtained based on culture techniques, but the full picture of the CSOM bacterial community could not be obtained, which limited the etiology research of CSOM. With the improvement of various detection technologies, especially the development of molecular technologies such as 16S rRNA sequencing and metagenomic sequencing, the research on the etiology of CSOM has been gradually improved. It not only provides the basis for the selection of antibiotics, but also can further study the pathogenic mechanism of bacteria in CSOM.