Lea图形与HOTV字母视力表对3～4.5岁儿童视力检查的比较

目的:比较分析Lea图形与HOTV字母视力表在3~4.5岁学龄前儿童视力检查中的适用情况及视力发育情况。方法:采用调查研究,以随机顺序先后应用两种视力表对广州地区两所幼儿园共133例266眼进行视力检查,视力值及其差异均用logM AR记录方法表示。结果:Lea视力较HOTV视力总体可测率高(96.24%vs92.48%),但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。儿童单眼两种视力差异均无统计学意义(右眼t=0.517,P=0.606;左眼t=-0.618,P=0.538)。儿童左右眼之间的视力差异均无统计学意义(Lea视力表:t=0.638,P=0.525;HOTV视力表:t=-0.897,P=0.372)。男性儿童的两种视力均优于女性儿童,但差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。3岁、3.5岁、4岁、4.5岁四个年龄组单眼的两种视力检查结果显示,儿童的视力随年龄增长逐渐提高,但四个年龄组间Lea视力差异无统计学意义(右眼:F=2.662,P=0.052;左眼:F=1.850,P=0.143),HOTV视力差异具有统计学意义(右眼:F=4.518,P=0.005;左眼:F=3.893,P=0.011)。结论:两种视力表都适合于3~4.5岁学龄前儿童的视力筛查;3~4.5岁儿童单眼的两种视力结果相似;视力发育与眼别、性别均无关;年龄大于3岁的儿童基本都可以接受主观视力检查,且在学龄前早期主观视力发育较快。

Comparison of the Lea Symbols and HOTV charts for preschool vision screening from age 3 to 4.5 years old

AIM: To evaluate the applicability and the development of the normal visual acuity from age 3 to 3.5 years using Lea Symbols and HOTV charts.

METHODS: It was a survey research study. Totally, 133 preschoolers(266 eyes)between 3 to 4.5 years old recruited from two kid-gardens in Guangzhou were tested with both the Lea Symbols chart and the HOTV chart. Outcome measures were monocular logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution(logMAR)visual acuity and inter-eye acuity difference in logMAR units for each test.

RESULTS: The testability rates of the two charts were high(96.24% vs 92.48%, respectively), but difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05). The difference between the two kind of monocular vision was not statistically significant(the right eye: t=0.517, P=0.606; the left eye: t=-0.618, P=0.538). There was no significant difference between different eye(Lea Symbols chart: t=0.638, P=0.525; HOTV chart: t=-0.897, P=0.372). The visual acuities of the boys were better than those of the girls, but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05). The results which came from visual acuities with the two charts for the corresponding age groups(3-year-old group, 3.5-year-old group, 4-year-old group, 4.5-year-old group)indicated that the visual acuities of the preschoolers were improving with increasing age, but the difference among the visual acuities with the Lea Symbols chart was not statistically significant(the right eye: F=2.662, P=0.052; the left eye: F=1.850, P=0.143). However the difference among the visual acuities with the HOTV chart was statistically significant(the right eye: F=4.518, P=0.005; the left eye: F=3.893, P=0.011).

CONCLUSION: Both Lea Symbols and HOTV chars are accepted and appropriate for preschool vision screening from 3 to 4.5 years old. The monocular visual acuity of preschoolers from age 3 to 4.5 years could be assessed was similar using the two charts. There is no correlation between visual acuity and different eye. There is no statistical difference between the genders. The results further demonstrate that the preschoolers whose age reached three years old have the ability to accept the Subjective vision checks. Also the development of the normal visual acuity is faster in the early stage.