国内ICU院内感染病原菌的现状及对策分析

目的 :通过对国内ICU院内感染病原菌现状的分析 ,建立有效预防ICU院内感染的对策。方法 :对国内ICU院内感染病原菌的现状、耐药性及发生原因等方面进行了综合分析。结果 :国内ICU病原菌以G- 杆菌为主 ,G+ 球菌感染率呈上升趋势 ,条件致病菌、真菌感染及混合感染等情况不容忽视 ;病原菌的耐药性大幅度上升 ;不合理的抗生素使用是病原菌耐药性产生的主要原因。结论 :开展抗生素教育、合理选用抗生素、科学使用抗生素、严格掌控侵入性诊疗手段的运用指征、落实消毒隔离管理制度、强化抗生素宏观管理等均应是控制国内ICU院内感染的有效措施。

Analysis on pathogens caused infection in hospital and strategies at ICU

Objective: By analyzing pathogens caused infection in hospital, counter measures were established to effectively prevent infections in ICU. Method: The pathogens and the reason of their resistance to antibiotics in ICU were analyzed. Results: Gram-negative bacilli were the major pathogens in ICU while the infection rate caused by gram-positive cocci was increasing gradually. Attentions should be also paid to opportunistic pathogens, fungus infections and complicated infections. Their resistance to antibiotics was serious and the major reason was the inappropriate use of antibiotics. Conclusion: In order to control infections in ICU, effective measures should be taken, including the teaching of the use of the antibiotics, appropriate use of antibiotics, taking traumatic diagnostic and treatments strictly, carrying out the antiseptic measures and the regulations of administration and strengthening the macro-regulations of antibiotics.