颞下颌关节功能锻炼对鼻咽癌患者放疗后张口困难的防治效果

 目的　探讨鼻咽癌（NPC）患者颞下颌关节（TMJ）功能锻炼对放疗后张口困难的防治效果。方法　对43例行三维适形放疗（3DCRT）和82例行常规二维放疗的NPC患者，根据其临床功能锻炼执行情况分别各自分为研究组和对照组。研究组在放疗开始后即在医务人员指导和监督下进行TMJ功能锻炼；对照组首次指导后在无专人监督下让其自行完成功能锻炼。在放疗前和放疗结束后2年内末次随访时分别测量两研究组和两对照组患者的门齿距大小。结果　3DCRT研究组和对照组放疗后张口缩小程度分别为（0.64±0.59）cm和（0.81±0.64）cm（P＞0.05）、张口困难发生率分别为8.1 %（2／24）和21.1 %（4／19）（P＞0.05）；常规二维放疗研究组和对照组放疗后张口缩小程度分别为（0.72±0.65）cm和（1.64±0.73）cm（P＜0.01）、张口困难发生率分别为19.0 %（8／42）和47.5 %（19／40）（P＜0.01）。结论　临床TMJ功能锻炼方法可减轻NPC患者放疗后张口缩小程度并降低其发生率，特别是对于行常规二维放疗的NPC患者显得尤为明显和重要。

Study on clinical functional training method for prevention of trismus in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients treated with radiotherapy

Objective To analyze the effect of clinical temporomandibular joint (TMJ) functional training for prevention of trismus in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients treated with radiotherapy.Methods According to the performance of patients clinical TMJ functional training, 43 NPC patients treated with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) and 82 NPC patients treated with general twodimensional radiation therapy were assigned respectively to the study group and the contrast group. The clinical TMJ functional training on patients of the study group was performed regularly and intensively under good guidance and supervision from the beginning of radiotherapy. The clinical TMJ functional training on patients of the contrast group was performed without such strict supervison after the first guidance. The size of the distance was measured between the incisors of the patients of the study group and the contrast group before radiotherapy and the final follow-up within two years after radiotherapy. Results The reduction of the distance between the incisors were [(0.64±0.59) cm] in the study group of 3DCRT in contrast to the [(0.81±0.64) cm] in the contrast group (P ＞0.05). The incidence of trismus was 8.1% in the study group of 3DCRT in contrast to the 21.1% in the contrast group (P ＞0.05); The reduction of the distance between the incisors were [(0.72±0.65) cm] in the study group of general two-dimensional radiotherapy in contrast to the [(1.64±0.73) cm] in the contrast group (P ＜0.01). The incidence of trismus was 19.0% in the study group of general two-dimensional radiotherapy in contrast to the 47.5% in the contrast group (P ＜0.01). Conclusion TMJ Functional training method is the good method that can lower the severity and the incidence of trismus in NPC patients treated with radiotherapy. It is more evident and more important for patients with general twodimensional radiotherapy.