不同后路内固定治疗颅底凹陷寰枢椎脱位的生物力学研究

目的 探讨两种后路内固定治疗颅底凹陷寰枢椎脱位(basilar invagination with atlantoaxial dislocation, BI-AAD)的生物力学差异。方法 基于BI-AAD患者枕颈CT数据和临床手术方案，建立寰枢椎关节间融合器+后路枕骨板+C2椎弓根螺钉(Cage+C2PS+OP)和Cage+C1侧块螺钉+C2PS(Cage+C1LMS+C2PS)有限元模型，分析不同运动工况下寰枢关节稳定性、C2终板和植入器械应力分布特征。结果 与Cage+C1LMS+C2PS模型相比，Cage+C2PS+OP模型在前屈、后伸、侧弯和旋转工况下寰枢关节活动度分别降低了5.26%、33.33%、43.75%、-5.56%,钉棒系统应力峰值分别降低了47.81%、60.90%、48.45%、39.14%。两种内固定方式下C2终板和融合器应力均主要分布于运动受压侧，螺钉与椎体接触处和螺钉尾部都承受较大的载荷。结论 两种内固定方法都能提供相似的稳定性，但Cage+C1LMS+C2PS中钉棒系统应力集中较明显，螺钉松动和断裂发生的可能性较大。

Biomechanical Study on Atlantoaxial Dislocation Combined with Basilar Invagination by Different Posterior Internal Fixation Methods

Objective To investigate biomechanical differences of two posterior occipitocervical internal fixation techniques for treating basilar invagination with atlantoaxial dislocation (BI-AAD). Methods Intra-articular cage + posterior occipital plate+C2 pedicle screw (Cage+C2PS+OP), and intra-articular cage+C1 lateral mass screw+C2PS (Cage+C1LMS+C2PS) models were established based on occipitocervical CT data of the BI-AAD and clinical operation scheme, and the stability of atlantoaxial joint and stress distribution characteristics of C2 endplate and implanted instruments under different motion states were analyzed. Results Compared with the Cage+C1LMS+C2PS model, the atlantoaxial range of motion ( ROM) under flexion, extension, lateral bending and axial rotation in the Cage+C2PS+OP model were reduced by 5. 26% , 33. 33% , 43. 75% , -5. 56% , and stress peak of screw-rod fixation system were reduced by 47. 81% , 60. 90% , 48. 45% , 39. 14% , respectively. Under two internal fixation modes, stresses of C2 endplate and cage were mainly distributed on the compressive side during the motion, and both the screw-bone interface and the caudal side of screw subjected to large loading. Conclusions Two internal fixation methods could provide similar stability. However, the stress concentration of screw-rod system was more obvious and the possibility of screw loosening and fracture was greater under Cage+ C1LMS+C2PS fixation.