一种适用于飞行教官的新型抗荷动作的表面肌电图评价

目的：提出适用于飞行教官的抗荷动作并对其抗荷效果进行表面肌电图评价。方法：选拔17~20岁受试者8名,试验设备采用AMST-HC-4E型载人离心机,根据初教机与高教机飞机性能及载荷特点,编制3.0G60s、4.0G50s、5.0G40s、6.0G30s及7.0G20s 共5条离心机加速度曲线,分别评价FT动作及HP动作抗荷效果,同时利用表面肌电技术观察不同载荷下两种抗荷动作训练前后肌肉用力变化及肌肉激活情况。结果：训练后,受试者使用FT动作与HP 动作时抗荷耐量均较训练前显著增加,与训练前相比,FT动作增加60.8%,HP 动作增加34.6%,FT+KH-X组增加50.5%,HP+KH-X增加51.7%,差异均有统计学差异(P>0.05)；表面肌电测试结果显示,训练前后FT动作及HP动作的积分值(iEMG)均呈下降趋势,其中FT动作2.5G10s 载荷下右腓肠肌、3.0G60s载荷下左右腹直肌及右腓肠肌、5.0G40s载荷下左腹直肌训练前后的iEMG值下降差异有统计学差异(P<0.05)。FT动作与HP动作比较,3.0G60s载荷下,FT动作胫骨前肌iEMG显著高于HP动作(P<0.05),在4.0G50s+KHX及5.0G40s+KHX组,HP动作左腹直肌iEMG显著高于FT动作(P<0.05)。结论：本研究提出适用于飞行教官的一种新型抗荷动作且抗荷效果显著,值得推广。

sEMG Assessment to a new anti-G straining maneuver for Flighter Instructors

Objective: To propose an anti-G straining maneuver for flighter instructors and evaluate its anti-G effect by surface electromyography. Methods: Eight subjects aged 17-20 years were selected. The test equipment was AMST-HC-4E manned centrifuge. According to the performance and load characteristics of primary and advanced trainer, five centrifuge acceleration curves of 3.0G60s, 4.0G50s, 5.0G40s, 6.0G30s and 7.0G20s were compiled to evaluate the anti-G effect of FT maneuver and HP maneuver respectively. At the same time, surface electromyography was used to observe the changes of muscle strength and muscle activation of two anti-G straining maneuvers before and after training under different loads. Results: After training, the G tolerance of subjects using FT maneuver and HP maneuver was significantly higher than that before training. Compared with that before training, the G tolerance of subjects in FT group increased by 60.8%, HP group increased by 34.6%, FT + KH-X group increased by 50.5% and HP + KH-X group increased by 51.7% (P > 0.05). The results of sEMG test showed that muscle iEMG of subjects using FT maneuver and HP maneuver all showed a downward trend before and after training. There were significant differences in the decrease of iEMG values of right gastrocnemius muscle under 2.5G10s load, left and right rectus abdominis muscle and right gastrocnemius muscle under 3.0G60s load and left rectus abdominis muscle under 5.0G40s load before and after training (P < 0.05). Compared with HP maneuver, anterior tibial muscle iEMG of subjects using FT maneuver was significantly higher than that using HP maneuver under 3.0G60s load (P < 0.05). Left rectus abdominis muscle iEMG of subjects using HP maneuver was significantly higher than that using FT maneuver in 4.0G50s + KHX and 5.0G40s + KHX groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The anti-G effect of the new anti-G maneuver proposed for flighter instructors is remarkable and worthy of popularization.