不同收入人群的卫生公平性研究：来自陕西眉县的证据

文章利用陕西省眉县家庭健康调查数据,采用收入五分组、Gini系数等方法,对我国卫生保健筹资和利用的不平等程度进行了实证分析。结果发现人群之间的贫富差距较大;基本实现了医疗保险的全覆盖,但是低收入人群自己支付了更多的医疗费;较低收入组的需要比较高收入组更高,而最低收入组有着更高的需要,但是很多收入较低的人即使在健康状况很差的情况下,也无法得到所需要的医疗卫生服务,住院利用的公平性亟待改善,低收入人群的福利受到了特别的损害。如何解决低收入人群的基本医疗保障问题,是目前在新型医疗保障体系建立过程中需要深入研究的一个突出问题。最后指出了研究的局限性,并对未来的研究方向和策略提出了建议。

Study on the Equality of Healthcare among different income groups,Evidence from Mei County of Shaanxi province

Based on the family health survey in Mei County,Shaanxi Province,the measurement of five income groups,Gini method,the degree of inequality in healthcare financing and delivery in China is empirically examined.Big gap of income inequality is found;China has basically realized full coverage of medical insurance,but low-income people are likely to pay more on their medical expenses;compared with the high-income group,the needs of health care of lower-income groups is higher,especially for the lowest income group.Even in the case of poor health,lower income groups could not get the needed health services,and the fairness of hospital utilization need to be improved;it is showed that the benefits of low-income group has been damaged.How to solve low-income people’s basic health care issues,is currently in the process of building a new health care system and needs further study in a prominent issue.At last,after pointing out the limitations,the study also proposes some suggestions for future research.