句容市幼儿耳部疾病现况调查

目的了解幼儿耳部疾病情况,为制定幼儿人群听力损失的防治策略提供科学依据。方法用横断面现场调查法对句容市幼儿园在园幼儿进行耳部疾病的问卷调查及耳科检查。数据采用SPSS 15.0统计软件进行处理。结果共调查2.5～7岁幼儿9 348人,男性4 819人(51.56%)、女性4 528人(48.44%)。所调查幼儿的耳部疾病患病率为4.14%,各年龄段差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但男性(4.19%)与女性(4.08%)幼儿耳部疾病患病率差异无统计学意义(P>0.75)。患中耳炎242人,占耳部疾病患者的62.50%。Logistic多元回归结果显示,分泌性中耳炎、年龄、耵聍栓塞、急性中耳炎、慢性化脓性中耳炎、遗传性家族史、早产及低体重、新生儿窒息均与耳部疾病相关。结论目前幼儿人群中,耳部疾病的患病率仍较高,定期体格检查的项目中宜包括耳鼻咽喉科内容,积极制定预防幼儿耳部疾病及听力损失的策略和方案很有必要。

Epidemiological investigation of ear diseases among children in Jurong City

Objective To investigate the ear disease situation in children in Jurong city in order to provide a scientific basis for the preventive and therapeutic strategies for pediatric hearing loss. Methods Questionnaire and ear examinations were performed in children from kindergartens in Jurong City of Jiangsu Province by using cross-sectional field survey. SPSS 15.0 statistical software was used for the data processing. Results A total of 9 348 children aged from 2.5 to 7 years were recruited in the study, including male 4 819 （51.56%） and female 4 528 （48.44%）. The prevalence of ear diseases was 4.14%. The difference was significant among different age stages （P 〈 0.05） and not obvious between male （4.19%） and female（4.08% ） （P 〉0.75）. Two hundred and forty-two children suffered from different kinds of otitis media, accounting for 62.50% of the total number of ear diseases. Logistic regression showed that secretory otitis media, age, earwax embolism, acute otitis media, chronic otitis media, genetic family history, premature birth, low birth weight and neonatal asphyxia were all associated with ear diseases, while secretory otitis media was an independent factor in ear disease. Conclusions Middle ear disease among children remained high prevalent. Regular comprehensive examination of children should be conducted and otolaryngology should be included in the early childhood care. Active working on strategies and programs to prevent early childhood ear disease and hearing loss was necessary.