女性类风湿关节炎患者手腕骨密度检查与超声腕关节骨侵蚀及炎症评分的相关性

目的：分析类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis，RA)患者手腕双能X线(dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry，DXA)检查结果，与关节超声影像学评分比较，以确定其与RA关节炎症以及骨侵蚀的相关性。方法：80名女性类风湿关节炎患者采用双能X线法检测非优势手腕部骨密度(bone mineral density, BMD)以及椎体、髋部骨密度，同时检测同侧以及双侧腕关节超声，扫描桡腕关节、中线腕骨间、尺腕关节，并分别记录腕关节滑膜增生、肌腱炎、骨侵蚀等情况，使用彩色多普勒进行关节炎评分。结果：(1)80名女性RA患者中，平均年龄(54.6±13.3) (27.0~80.0)岁，病程48(12~116)个月，体重指数（body mass index, BMI) (23.0±4.0) (14.8~31.2) kg/m2。RA患者腕部BMD低于正常对照［(0.297±0.121)vs.(0.420±0.180) g/cm2，P<0.01］。(2)早期RA腕部骨密度高于长病程RA［(0.326±0.103) vs.(0.285±0.132) g/cm2，P<0.01］，腕部严重骨质疏松发生率低于长病程RA(47.8% vs. 64.9%，P<0.05)，超声发现腕骨侵蚀发生率低于长病程RA(39.1% vs.56.1%，P<0.01)。(3)高疾病活动度组腕关节骨密度低于中度活动以及缓解患者［(0.267±0.140) g/cm2 vs.(0.280±0.126) g/cm2，(0.267±0.140) g/cm2 vs.(0.320±0.103) g/cm2］，差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高疾病活动度组RA患者与中度活动组患者抗环胍氨酸多肽抗体(anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody，ACPA)阳性比例分别为85%和92.6%，均高于缓解组患者81.8%，差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。患者DAS28ESR(disease activity score 28 joint count)与腕部BMD呈负相关(r=-0.288，P<0.01)。(4)RA患者腕部BMD与脊柱和髋部BMD均呈正相关(r=0.634，P<0.01，r=0.795，P<0.01)；腕部BMD与疾病病程呈负相关(r=-0.286，P<0.01)， 与DAS28 ESR呈负相关(r=-0.301，P<0.01)。早期RA腕部BMD和髋部BMD呈正相关(r=0.95，P<0.05)，且相关系数较高。(5)骨质疏松组患者类风湿因子(rheumatoid factor，RF)、ACPA阳性比例高于骨量减少组(分别为75.5% vs.55.6%，P<0.05和100% vs. 83.3%，P<0.05)。骨质疏松组RA患者疾病活动度DAS28ESR高于骨量减少组(5.3±1.8 vs. 4.6±2.5，P<0.01)。骨质疏松组患者经超声探查发现腕部存在滑膜炎(61.5% vs. 51.7%, P<0.05)、肌腱炎(14.3% vs.10.0%, P<0.05)以及骨侵蚀(54.2% vs. 46.2%, P<0.05)的比例均高于骨量减少组，差异具有统计学意义。(6) 超声发现腕部骨侵蚀患者与未见骨侵蚀患者相比，出现骨侵蚀患者手腕部BMD低于未见骨侵蚀患者［(0.333±0.107) g/cm2 vs. (0.264±0.125) g/cm2，P<0.01］，滑膜炎多普勒评分高于未见骨侵蚀组(4.53±1.40 vs. 2.55±2.66，P<0.01)。此外，与未见骨侵蚀组患者相比，出现骨侵蚀RA患者，病程更长［(96.0±104.7)月vs.(66.2±78.0)月， P<0.05］，RF阳性率高(81.0% vs. 53.8%，P<0.01)、ACPA抗体阳性率高(92.7% vs. 79.5%，P<0.05)，疾病活动度DAS28ESR更高(5.4±1.8 vs. 4.2±2.0，P<0.05)，出现同侧腕关节滑膜炎的比例更高(75.6% vs.30.8%，P<0.01),此外，同侧腕关节出现严重骨质疏松的比例更高(75.0% vs. 46.4%，P<0.01)， 差异均具有统计学意义。(7) 以骨密度值为结果变量，对影响患者骨密度值的因素进行多元回归分析显示，年龄(P=0.001)、病程(P=0.017)、DAS28ESR(P=0.021)以及ACPA(P=0.05)分别是造成患者手腕BMD异常的相关危险因素。结论：女性RA患者腕部BMD与疾病的病程以及炎症程度相关，ACPA抗体高滴度患者更容易出现骨密度下降。

Relationship between wrist bone mineral density and synovitis,erosion by ultra-sonography in female rheumatoid arthritis patients

Objective:To find the correlation of wrist bone mineral density ( BMD ) to wrist synovitis and erosion , by comparing wrist BMD and ultrasonography .Methods: A number of 80 female RA pa-tients were examined by BMD measurement of the femoral neck , spine and non-dominant wrist using du-al-energy X-ray absorptiometry ( DXA ) .Synovitis of the wrist was examined by ultrasonography .The wrist joint ( radiocarpal joint , dorsal midline , and carpoulnar joint ) was assessed in the same side of DXA, with transverse and longitudinal scans for USGS synovial hypertrophy and proliferation , tenosynovi-tis,tendinitis and bone erosion .Colour and power doppler ultrasonography ( PDUS) were used to sum the synovitis score .Results:We found:( 1 ) In the study , 80 female RA patients were enrolled , the mean age was 54.6 ±13.3 (27.0-80.0) years, the disease duration was 48 (12-116) months, and the body Mass Index was 23.0 ±4.0 (14.8-31.2) kg/m2 .The Wrist BMD ( g/cm2 ) in RA significantly reduced, compared with normal controls (0.297 ±0.121 vs.0.420 ±0.180,P<0.01).(2) The Wrist BMD (g/cm2) exceeded in early RA compared with the established RA (0.326 ±0.103 vs.0.285 ± 0 .132 ,P<0 .01 );the positive rate of severe osteoporosis in wrist was lower in early RA compared with the established RA(47.8%vs.64.9%, P<0.05); the positive rate of bone erosion in wrist by ultra-sound was lower in early RA compared with the established RA (39.1%vs.56.1%, P<0.01).(3) The wrist BMD ( g/cm2 ) in RA with high disease activity reduced compared with moderate and low disease activity (0.267 ±0.140 vs.0.280 ±0.126) and (0.267 ±0.140 vs.0.320 ±0.103) respec-tively , P<0 .05 ) .The percentages of positive ACPA in the high and moderate disease activity groups were significantly higher than those in the remission group (85% vs.81.8% and 92.6% vs.81.8%, respectively).DAS28ESR was correlated with wrist BMD (r=-0.288, P<0.01).(4) A significant positive correlation was found between wrist and spine /femur BMD ( r=0.634, P<0.01, r=0.795, P<0.01), and a negative correlation between wrist and disease duration and DAS 28ESR (r=-0.286, r=-0.301,P<0.01).There was a highly significant positive correlation between wrist BMD and femur BMD (r=0.95,P<0.05).(5) RA patients in wrist osteoporosis group had higher RF positive rate and ACPA rate than wrist osteopenia group (75.5%vs.55.6%,P<0.05,100% vs.83.3%, P<0.05). The patients of BMD osteoporosis group had higher DAS 28ESR compared with osteopenia group (5.3 ± 1.8 vs.3.7 ±1.5, P<0.01).The percentages of synovitis (61.5%vs.51.7%, P<0.05), tendeni-tis (14.3%vs.10.0%, P<0.05) and bone erosion (54.2%vs.46.2%, P<0.05) in wrist by ultra-sonography in osteoporosis group were higher than those of osteopenia group .(6) The wrist BMD in ne-gative bone erosion group by ultrasonography was lower than that in positive bone erosion group (0.333 ± 0.107) g/cm2 vs.(0.264 ±0.125) g/cm2, P<0.01], also the PDUS score was higher than positive bone erosion group (4.53 ±1.40 vs.2.55 ±2.66,P<0.01).Compared with negative bone erosion group, the patients in positive bone erosion group had longer disease duration (96.0 ±104.7) months vs.(66.2 ±78.0) months, P<0.05), higher percentage of RF (81.0% vs.53.8%,P<0.01), ACPA (92.7%vs.79.5%, P<0.05).and higher DAS28ESR (5.4 ±1.8 vs.4.2 ±2.0,P<0.05). The percentage of wrist synovitis in positive bone erosion group was higher (75.6% vs.30.8%,P<0.01) than that of negative bone erosion group , and moreover , the percentage of severe osteoporosis in the wrist was significantly higher (75.0%vs.46.4%, P<0.01).(7) A stepwise multivariate linear regression model was constructed to explore the relationship between the different clinical factors studied and a low wrist BMD.Statistically significant variables were age (P=0.001), disease duration (P=0.017), DAS28ESR (P=0.021), and ACPA (P=0.05).Conclusion:This study shows a highly sig-nificant correlation between hand BMD with disease duration and disease activity , and female RA patients with high titer of ACPA have lower wrist BMD .ABSTRACT Objective:To find the correlation of wrist bone mineral density ( BMD ) to wrist synovitis and erosion , by comparing wrist BMD and ultrasonography .Methods: A number of 80 female RA pa-tients were examined by BMD measurement of the femoral neck , spine and non-dominant wrist using du-al-energy X-ray absorptiometry ( DXA ) .Synovitis of the wrist was examined by ultrasonography .The wrist joint ( radiocarpal joint , dorsal midline , and carpoulnar joint ) was assessed in the same side of DXA, with transverse and longitudinal scans for USGS synovial hypertrophy and proliferation , tenosynovi-tis,tendinitis and bone erosion .Colour and power doppler ultrasonography ( PDUS) were used to sum the synovitis score .Results:We found:( 1 ) In the study , 80 female RA patients were enrolled , the mean age was 54.6 ±13.3 (27.0-80.0) years, the disease duration was 48 (12-116) months, and the body Mass Index was 23.0 ±4.0 (14.8-31.2) kg/m2 .The Wrist BMD ( g/cm2 ) in RA significantly reduced, compared with normal controls (0.297 ±0.121 vs.0.420 ±0.180,P<0.01).(2) The Wrist BMD (g/cm2) exceeded in early RA compared with the established RA (0.326 ±0.103 vs.0.285 ± 0 .132 ,P<0 .01 );the positive rate of severe osteoporosis in wrist was lower in early RA compared with the established RA(47.8%vs.64.9%, P<0.05); the positive rate of bone erosion in wrist by ultra-sound was lower in early RA compared with the established RA (39.1%vs.56.1%, P<0.01).(3) The wrist BMD ( g/cm2 ) in RA with high disease activity reduced compared with moderate and low disease activity (0.267 ±0.140 vs.0.280 ±0.126) and (0.267 ±0.140 vs.0.320 ±0.103) respec-tively , P<0 .05 ) .The percentages of positive ACPA in the high and moderate disease activity groups were significantly higher than those in the remission group (85% vs.81.8% and 92.6% vs.81.8%, respectively).DAS28ESR was correlated with wrist BMD (r=-0.288, P<0.01).(4) A significant positive correlation was found between wrist and spine /femur BMD ( r=0.634, P<0.01, r=0.795, P<0.01), and a negative correlation between wrist and disease duration and DAS 28ESR (r=-0.286, r=-0.301,P<0.01).There was a highly significant positive correlation between wrist BMD and femur BMD (r=0.95,P<0.05).(5) RA patients in wrist osteoporosis group had higher RF positive rate and ACPA rate than wrist osteopenia group (75.5%vs.55.6%,P<0.05,100% vs.83.3%, P<0.05). The patients of BMD osteoporosis group had higher DAS 28ESR compared with osteopenia group (5.3 ± 1.8 vs.3.7 ±1.5, P<0.01).The percentages of synovitis (61.5%vs.51.7%, P<0.05), tendeni-tis (14.3%vs.10.0%, P<0.05) and bone erosion (54.2%vs.46.2%, P<0.05) in wrist by ultra-sonography in osteoporosis group were higher than those of osteopenia group .(6) The wrist BMD in ne-gative bone erosion group by ultrasonography was lower than that in positive bone erosion group (0.333 ± 0.107) g/cm2 vs.(0.264 ±0.125) g/cm2, P<0.01], also the PDUS score was higher than positive bone erosion group (4.53 ±1.40 vs.2.55 ±2.66,P<0.01).Compared with negative bone erosion group, the patients in positive bone erosion group had longer disease duration (96.0 ±104.7) months vs.(66.2 ±78.0) months, P<0.05), higher percentage of RF (81.0% vs.53.8%,P<0.01), ACPA (92.7%vs.79.5%, P<0.05).and higher DAS28ESR (5.4 ±1.8 vs.4.2 ±2.0,P<0.05). The percentage of wrist synovitis in positive bone erosion group was higher (75.6% vs.30.8%,P<0.01) than that of negative bone erosion group , and moreover , the percentage of severe osteoporosis in the wrist was significantly higher (75.0%vs.46.4%, P<0.01).(7) A stepwise multivariate linear regression model was constructed to explore the relationship between the different clinical factors studied and a low wrist BMD.Statistically significant variables were age (P=0.001), disease duration (P=0.017), DAS28ESR (P=0.021), and ACPA (P=0.05).Conclusion:This study shows a highly sig-nificant correlation between hand BMD with disease duration and disease activity , and female RA patients with high titer of ACPA have lower wrist BMD .