Different measures of smoking exposure and mammographic density in postmenopausal Norwegian women: a cross-sectional study期刊界 All Journals 搜尽天下杂志传播学术成果专业期刊搜索期刊信息化学术搜索

Different measures of smoking exposure and mammographic density in postmenopausal Norwegian women: a cross-sectional study

Authors:	Yngve Bremnes Giske Ursin Nils Bjurstam Inger T Gram

Affiliation:	1.Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway;2.Department of Preventive Medicine/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA;3.Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Norway;4.Department of Radiology, Center for Breast Imaging, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway

Abstract:	Background Recent cohort studies have suggested an increased risk of breast cancer with long duration of smoking, and with smoking initiation before first birth. Cigarette smoking may have both carcinogenic effects and antiestrogenic effects on the breast tissue. We decided to examine the relationship between different measures of smoking exposure and mammographic density.

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