家庭厨房油烟冷凝物化学成分及对果蝇经口染毒遗传毒性的研究

采用气相色谱－质谱仪（ＧＣ／ＭＳ）对家庭厨房吸油烟机油杯中冷凝物的总化学成分进行了分析，发现样品中有７４种化合物，其中包括烃类、醇酚类、醛酮类，酯类、羧酸类、杂环稠环类、甾醇类等，其中有些化合物具有致癌作用。同时还用该样品对果蝇经口染毒的细胞遗传毒性进行了研究，果蝇伴性隐性致死试验（ＳＬＲＬ）的实验结果表明：厨房油烟冷凝物具有较强的致突变作用。其１１０、３２０、９６０ｍｇ／Ｌ三个浓度组的总突变率分别为０．１７３２％、０．４３０６％、０．１７０７％，实验中第Ⅱ窝的３２０ｍｇ／Ｌ浓度组与第Ⅲ窝１１０ｍｇ／Ｌ浓度组的致突变率分别达到０．５３０％和０．５４０％（Ｐ＜０．００１）。呈现有较高的隐性致死作用。此外，本次实验还表明油烟冷凝物对果蝇的生殖系统有一定的作用（Ｐ＜０．０５），其中３２０ｍｇ／Ｌ组有非常显著的差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。三个浓度组第Ⅰ窝的不育率分别为２．５６４％、２．０５６％和２．８４５％，与对照组相比统计学上有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。

Study on the chemical components of edible oil fume in kitchen and its genotoxity on Drosophila

OBJECTIVES: To study the chemical components of the condensate of edible oil fume in kitchen and its genotoxicity on Drosophila. METHODS: Analysis for the chemical components was carried out by gas chromatography and mass spectra (GC/MS) and its genotoxicity was studied by sex linked recessive lethal (SLRL) test in Drosophila. RESULTS: A total of 74 organic compounds were found in samples of condensed oil from the fume in kitchen. It included hydroxylic acids, hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, aldehydes, ketones, aromatic compounds, and steroids, etc. The total mutagenicity rates in SLRL test induced by the samples at concentrations of 110,320 and 960 mg/L were 0.1732%, 0.4306% and 0.1707% respectively. The sterility rates of the first broods were 2.564%, 2.056% and 2.845% at above 3 concentrations respectively(P < 0.05, as compared with the control). The mutagenicity rate of the second brood at 320 mg/L was 0.530% and that of the third brood at 110 mg/L 0.540%(P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Some of the compounds in the condensate of edible oil fume were proved to have high recessive lethal effect and genotoxic effect on the reproductive system of Drosophila.