云南省南涧县高山峡谷型流行区血吸虫病传染源调查

目的 目的 了解云南省高山峡谷型流行区血吸虫病传染源种类及其在血吸虫病传播中的作用， 为实施以传染源控制为主的综合防治措施提供参考依据。方法 方法 在云南省南涧县选择2个典型高山峡谷型血吸虫病流行村， 采用系统抽样结合环境抽查法调查螺情， 采用间接血凝试验 （IHA） 结合尼龙绢集卵孵化法调查居民血吸虫感染情况， 采用塑料杯顶管孵化法调查家畜血吸虫感染情况； 应用夜笼法和夜夹法捕捉居民区及周围农耕区有螺环境中的野生小动物， 采用解剖法结合粪孵法检查野生小动物血吸虫感染情况； 在居民区周围或家畜活动频繁的有螺环境调查野粪分布和污染， 采用孵化法检查野粪血吸虫阳性情况， 计算野粪污染指数。结果 结果 2个村共调查533.56 hm2， 查出钉螺面积16.52 hm2， 有螺框出现率为1.03%， 钉螺密度为0.07只/0.1 m2， 未查出感染性钉螺； 人群血检阳性率为1.61%， 未查出粪检阳性病人； 牛血吸虫感染率为0.90%， 马属动物感染率为0.62%， 其他家畜未检出阳性； 共捕获以鼠类为主的野生小动物57只， 未检出血吸虫感染阳性小动物。共检获6种野粪， 分别为人粪、 牛粪、 马属动物粪、 羊粪、 猪粪和犬粪， 密度以牛粪、 马属动物粪和犬粪相对较高， 分别为7.2、 4.3堆/hm2和2.1堆/hm2。查出阳性野粪6份， 其中牛粪3份， 阳性率为2.27% （3/132）； 马属动物粪2份， 阳性率为2.63% （2/76）； 犬粪1份， 阳性率为3.70% （1/27）， 牛、 马属动物和犬粪相对污染指数分别为80.68%、 15.89%和3.43%。结 结论 论 达到血吸虫病传播控制标准后， 云南省高山峡谷型流行区血吸虫病潜在流行因素仍然存在， 牛仍是最主要的传染源，马属动物和犬在血吸虫病传播中的作用也不容忽视。今后应进一步加大血吸虫病传染源调查和监测力度， 采取有针对性的防治和管理措施， 强化以传染源控制为主的血吸虫病综合防治策略。

Investigation on infection sources of schistosomiasis in mountainous regions,Nanjian County,Yunnan Province

Objective To understand the types of schisotsome infection sources and their roles in schistosomiasis transmission in mountainous endemic regions in Yunnan Province,so as to provide the evidence for implementing the comprehensive control measures based on infection source control. Methods Two villages of typical mountainous regions in Nanjian County were chosen for field investigation. The Oncomelania hupensis snail status was surveyed by the methods of systematic and environmental sampling. The infections of schistosomiasis were surveyed in residents with the indirect haemagglutination and the hatching method,in livestock with the hatching method and in wild animals with the anatomical method and the hatching method. The distribution and pollution status of wild faeces were investigated in the snail environments nearby villages or with livestock frequent activities. The positives of schistosomiasis in wild faeces were tested with the hatching method. The pollution index of wild feces was calculated. Results A total of 533.56 hm 2 were investigated in two villages,and the area with snails was 16.52 hm 2. The rate of frame with snails was 1.03%,the average density of snails was 0.07 snails /0.1 m 2,and no positive snails were found. The positive rate of blood examinations of population was 1.61%,but no persons were positive with the hatching method. The infection rates were 0.90%,and 0.62% in cattle and equus,respectively,and there were no positives in other livestock. Totally 472 piles of wild feces of 6 species（human,cattle,equus,goat,pig and dog）distributed in the investigation areas,and among them,the densities of wild feces of cattle,equus,and dog were 7.2,4.3 piles/hm 2,and 2.1 piles/hm 2 respectively,being relatively higher than others. The hatching positive rates of wild faeces of cattle,equus,and dog were 2.27%（3/132）,2.63%（2/76）,and 3.70%（1/27）,respectively. The relative pollution indexes of wild faeces of cattle,equus,and dog were 80.68%,15.89%,and 3.43%, respectively. Conclusions After schistosomiasis transmission is controlled,the potential epidemic factors still remain in the mountainous endemic regions of schistosomiasis in Yunnan Province. The cattle are still the most infection source of schistosomiasis,but equus and dog as infection sources should be not neglected. We should extend the investigation and monitor scope of the infection sources,and carry out scientific and feasible control technique and management measures.