寰椎椎弓和枢椎椎板的应用解剖

目的：为颈后路寰枢椎钛缆固定术和相关器械设计提供解剖学依据。方法：在100例中国成人干燥标本上，观察寰椎后弓和枢椎椎板的形态学特点并进行解剖学测量。结果：(1)寰椎后弓较纤弱，上面与椎管不平行，从后上方向内下方倾斜；(2)枢椎椎板较粗大，上窄下宽，内面基本平行椎管，内面下缘多形成一骨嵴。结论：(1)寰椎后弓和枢椎椎板穿绕钛缆时宜自上向下操作，为方便操作，可以咬除部分枢椎椎板上缘；(2)设计枢椎椎板穿绕钛缆的引导器械时需考虑到其内面的骨嵴。

Applied anatomy of posterior arch of atlas and lamina of axis

Objective: To provide anatomical basis for the operation of upper cervical posterior fixation with Atlas titanium cable and the related devices design. Methods: The posterior arch of atlas and the lamina of axis were measured and their morphological characteristics were observed in 100 sets of adult dry specimens. Results: (1)The posterior arch of atlas was thin with a fan-shape section, whose superior surface was not parallel to the spinal canal but descended from superoposterior to medioinferior; (2)The lamina of axis was stronger and thicker, with a vertical inner surface and a ridge near its lower edge. Conclusion: (1) During the operation of the upper cervical posterior fixation with Atlas titanium cable, it should be rolled from superior downwards through the posterior arch of atlas or lamina of axis; (2)The ridge of axis lamina should be considered when the special device is designed to lead the titanium cable through axis lamina.