多语种者脑语言活动区的功能磁共振成像研究

目的利用血氧水平依赖性功能磁共振成像(BOLD-fMRI)探讨维吾尔族维-汉-英多语者接受三种语言刺激任务时,大脑语言功能区激活的异同。资料与方法 20名健康维吾尔族维-汉-英多语者行fMRI检查,受试者均在3～5岁开始学习汉语,汉语通过中国高等汉语水平考试汉八级(HSK)。开始学习英语的年龄在10～12岁之间,英语水平全部通过国家大学英语4～6级考试。BOLD-fMRI检查采用组块设计,受试者分别接受维语、汉语及英语认知任务的视觉刺激并进行默读,所得图像数据经SPM5脑功能处理软件处理,生成脑激活图并进行分析,组间数据采用多样本的方差分析。结果三种语言共同激活了双侧额中回和额下回(BA 9、BA 46、47)、左侧颞中回(BA 18)、双侧中央前回(BA 4)、双侧梭状回(BA 37)、左侧顶上下小叶(BA 7/40)、双侧枕中回(BA 19)。不同语言任务时右侧颞上回、颞中回(BA 18、BA 38),左侧楔前叶(BA 19),右侧舌回(BA 18)、右侧顶上下小叶(BA 7/40)、双侧的额内侧回、左侧海马旁回、基底节区(豆状核、尾状核)及小脑扁桃体有散在激活。汉语及英语刺激任务时各脑叶激活强度大于维语,三者间有统计学差异。三种语言任务的优势半球均为左侧大脑半球。结论维吾尔族多语者给予母语、汉语和英语刺激时,三种语言有共同的脑激活区,处理汉语及英语刺激任务时脑激活区激活强度及范围大于母语,三种语言刺激时大脑的偏侧化程度无差异。

fMRI Study of Cerebral Functional Area in Mult Linguals

Objective To explore the different brain areas activated by Uyghur-Chinese English word tasks in Xinjiang’ Uyghurs during the functional magnetic resonance image(fMRI) process.Materials and Methods 20 healthy volunteer Uyghur Chinese English Multlinguals participated in this functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) study.They accepted Chinese English education from 3-5 years old and 10-12 years old and passed HSK or CET4-6 test respectively.Experiments were performed on a 1.5 T MRI scanner.The experiment was conducted in a single run design.Different Uyghur-Chinese-English words tasks were displayed in each block to avoid any practice effect.SPM5.0 software was used for image data processing.The inter subject consistency of brain activations associated with different word tasks was evaluated.we created penetrance maps by combining binary individual functional maps and the analysis of variance was used in different groups.Results The mutual activated areas included bilateral middle/inferior frontal gyrus,bilateral precentral gyrus,left middle temporal,bilateral fusiform,left superior/inferior parietal gyrus,bilateral occipital middle gyrus.During three words task,activated areas included right superior/middle temporal,right superior/inferior parietal gyrus,left precuneus,bilateral medial frontal gyrus,right lingual gyrus,left hippocampus gyrus,some cerebellar and neural nuclear of basal ganglia.There was obvious difference during three language tasks of each lobe activated intensity.Areas were significantly activated in the left cerebral hemisphere.Conclusion There are mutual activated areas in three language tasks.There are more brain areas to involve and activate Xinjiang’ Uyghur speakers processing Chinese and English words.There is no obvious difference in the left hemispheric lateralization.