孕妇全血、脐血中微量元素和重金属元素检测及相关性探讨

目的检测孕妇全血（简称母血）及脐血中微量元素和重金属元素水平,并分析两者之间的相关性。方法采集上海市和辽宁省大连市249例健康孕妇母血及259例胎儿脐血（其中母血和脐血配对241对）;采用电感耦合等离子质谱系统检测全血中的铜（Cu）、铁（Fe）、硒（Se）、锰（Mn）、锌（Zn）、铅（Pb）、镉（Cd）的质量浓度;采用自动测汞仪测定全血中汞（Hg）的质量浓度。采用Spearm an相关分析对母血与脐血中各元素水平的相关性进行分析。结果母血中Cu、Se、Zn、Pb和Cd的质量浓度分别为1 493.0、126.2、6 260.0、57.2和1.1μg/L,明显高于脐血中的614.6、107.6、2 150.0、35.0和0.6μg/L（P〈0.01）;脐血中的Fe、Mn和Hg的质量浓度分别为512.2、77.1和2.4μg/L,明显高于母血中的432.6、52.9和1.5μg/L（P〈0.01）。其中,1.2%（3/249）的母血Hg和3.4%（9/259）的脐血Hg超过美国环境保护局推荐的参考标准（5.8μg/L）;12.0%（30/249）的母血Pb和5.8%（15/259）的脐血Pb超过联邦职业环境卫生委员会推荐的参考标准（100μg/L）;5.6%（14/249）的母血Cd和3.5%（9/259）的脐血Cd超过美国职业安全与卫生管理局推荐的参考标准（5μg/L）。除Fe元素外,其他元素在母血和脐血中的质量浓度均呈正相关（P〈0.01）。结论一定比例的母血和脐血中Pb、Cd、Hg水平超过有关机构推荐的参考标准;微量元素及重金属元素在母血中的水平与在胎儿脐血中的水平有一定相关性,孕期应合理补充微量元素并监测重金属元素水平。

Correlative study of trace elements and toxic elements in maternal blood and umbilical cord blood

Objective To investigate the levels of trace elements and heavy metal elements in maternal blood and umbilical cord blood, and explore their correlation. Methods Maternal blood samples were collected from 249 healthy pregnant women, and 259 umbilical cord blood samples were also obtained from Shanghai and Dalian, with 241 matched maternal blood samples and umbilical cord blood samples. The mass concentrations of Cu, Fe, Se, Mn, Zn, Pb and Cd in blood samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry，and that of Hg was detected by automatic mercury analyser.The correlation of each element in maternal blood and umbilical cord blood was explored with Spearman correlation analysis. Results The mass concentrations of Cu, Se, Zn, Pb and Cd in maternal blood were 1 493.0 μg/L, 126.2 μg/L, 6 260.0 μg/L, 57.2 μg/L and 1.1 μg/L,respectively, and were significantly higher than those in umbilical cord blood (614.6 μg/L, 107.6 μg/L, 2 150.0 μg/L, 35.0 μg/L and 0.6 μg/L, respectively)（P<0.01）. The mass concentrations of Fe, Mn and Hg were 432.6 μg/L, 52.9 μg/L and 1.5 μg/L, respectively in maternal blood, and were significantly lower than those in umbilical cord blood (512.2 μg/L, 77.1 μg/L and 2.4 μg/L, respectively)（P<0.01）. The mass concentrations of Hg in 3 maternal blood samples (1.2%) and 9 cord blood samples (3.4%) exceeded the recommended reference standard of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (5.8 μg/L), the mass concentrations of Pb in 30 maternal blood samples (12.0%) and 15 cord blood samples (5.8%) exceeded the recommended reference standard of Federal Occupational and Environmental Hygiene Committee (100 μg/L),and the mass concentrations of Cd in 14 maternal blood samples (5.6%) and 9 cord blood samples (3.5%)exceeded the recommended reference standard of U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (5 μg/L). Except Fe, the mass concentrations of all the other elements in maternal blood were positively related with those in umbilical cord blood （P<0.01）. Conclusion The levels of Pb, Cd and Hg may exceed the recommended reference standard in maternal blood and umbilical cord blood of some pregant women and fetuses, and the levels of trace elements and heavy metal elements in maternal blood may be associated with those in umbilical cord blood. Regular monitoring of levels of heavy metal elements and appropriate supplement of trace elements are needed during pregnancy.