广州市2005年城乡社区人群结核病流行特征及结核病防治知识的调查

目的调查广州市城乡接合部的结核病疫情及社区人群的结核病防治知识现状，分析疫情变化及流行趋势，考核防治效果，为制定防治措施提供科学依据。方法采取分层整群抽样方法抽取广州市城乡接合部的黄埔、天河、白云、芳村四个新区的6个调查点进行调查，通过结素试验、X线及痰结核菌检查发现肺结核病人。随机抽取流调点的10周岁以上社区居民进行问卷调查，询问5个基本结核病防治知识，涉及预防、症状、传播途径、治疗措施等。结果实际检查10923人，发现活动性肺结核22例，涂阳肺结核2例，活动性肺结核患病率为201．41／10万，菌阳患病率和涂阳患病率均为18．31／10万。结核病防治知识问卷实际调查507人，平均知晓率为52．5％，文化程度高和男性人群的知晓率高，青少年和老年人群的知晓率低。结论广州城乡接合部结核病疫情较2000年广州市平均疫情有上升趋势，社区居民结核病防治知识掌握程度未达到60％的目标，女性、青少年和老年、文化程度低的人群应成为结核病教育的重点对象。

Epidemiological Investigation of Tuberculosis and the Knowledge Level of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control in the Residents of Town in Guangzhou

Objective To perform epidemiological study on tuberculosis in Guangzhou and to provide scientific basis for making proper measures for the prevention and control of tuberculosis. Methods Method of random sampling in the whole group of the 6 inspected spots was used in this study. The professional investigation teams were organized to carry out the relevant investigation. Tuberculin, X-ray and the tubercular bacteriain sputum were used in the diagnosis of TB. Basic questions, including the knowledge on the disease prevention, symptom, route of transmission and the therapeutic measure, were included in the questionnaire. Results A total of 10,923 subjects were studied. 22 cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis and 2 cases of infectious pulmonary tuberculosis were found. The morbidity rate was 201.41/10^5. The sputum-positive rate was 18.31/10^5. Awareness rate of knowledge on tuberculosis prevention and control was 52.5%. Conclusion There was a tendency of increase in tuberculosis in the town of Guangzhou. Health education should be given particularly to the female subjects, adolescent, elderly and individuals with low education level.