降氟除氟技术措施推广应用示范研究的防治现状分析

目的了解降氟除氟技术措施推广应用示范研究的6个示范村燃煤型氟中毒的防治现状，为实施降氟除氟技术措施提供科学依据。方法采用整群抽样法对6个示范村进行人户调查，调查示范村居民基本情况、卫生行为习惯、能源结构、健康教育知识知晓情况、炉灶使用等情况，计算居民地氟病防治知识知晓率、炉灶改造率和正确使用率。结果示范村村民饮食结构中，以大米（52．9％）、土豆（33．5％）、玉米（7．3％）、面食（6．3％）为主，其中玉米（6．52％）、薰肉（80．40％）、辣椒（18．07％）存在烤食或烤干的问题。空气氟监测30户中，封火期平均值为0．0083mg／m^3，范围在0．0003～0．0286mg／m^3之间；旺火期平均值为0．0037mg／m^3，范围在0．0003～0．0340mg／m^3之间。灶的改造率为84．23％，正确使用率为50．90％；炉的改造率为95．26％，正确使用率为63．66％，以户为单位的炉灶正确使用率为53．29％。户主地氟病危害知晓率为45．02％，防治措施知晓率为45．50％。结论6个示范村以煤作为主要燃料，以炉灶使用为主，仍然存在烤火取暖和烤食的生活习惯，人体摄入氟的途径中空气氟所占比重加大，村民炉灶的正确使用率低，地氟病危害和防治措施的知晓率均较低。因此，根据病区生活习惯、饮食结构、炉灶使用习惯等因素采取以排出室内空气氟为主的新型降氟除氟技术措施，辅之以改变饮食习惯，进一步加强地氟病危害和防治措施的健康教育宣传，可以达到降氟除氟的目的。

Application of the Technical Measures to Reduce and Remove Fluoride and the Fluorosis Control

Objective To understand the the coal-burning fluorosis control in six model villages applying the technical measures to reduce and remove fluoride, and provide a scientific basis for the implementation of measures to reduce and remove fluoride technology. Methods We had surveyed Model Village basic conditions, health behaviour, energy structure, and knowledge of health education, the use of stoves, awareness of the residents on the prevention and treatment of fluorosis, and the correct rate of using stove. Then calculate the knowledge rate of the residents about disease prevention and treatment, the rate of changing stove and the rate of correct using stove. Results Rice （52.9%）, potatoes （33.5%）, corn （7.3%） and pasta （6.3%） are the main foods in the Model Village in the diet, in which corn （6.52%）, smoked meat （80.40%）, pepper （18.07%） had problems in firing and baking. In 30 houses air fluoride was monitored, with an average of 0.0083 mg/m3 in bianhuo period, which was in the range between 0.0003-0.0286 mg/m3. Drain average for the period was 0.0037 mg/m3, which was in the range between 0.0003-0.0340 mg/m3. The rate of Foci is 84.23% with correct utilization rate of 50.90%. The rate of furnace is 95.26% ,with the correct utilization rate of 63.66%. The correct utilization rate of the units to households stove is 53.29%. Awareness rate of the endemic fluorosis for the household is 45.02%, and awareness of prevention measures is 45.50%. Conclusions The coal is a major fuel in 6 Model Village, mainly for the use of stove. People are still using coal-stove for cooking and warming,which leads to large intake of fluoride. The rate of correct usage of stove among the villagers stove is low.The awareness of the effects of disease and control measures is low among the villagers. Thus, according to Ward living habits, diet structure, stoves and other factors used in indoor air from the adoption of a new fluoride-based defluoridation fluoride removal of technical measures should be complemented by changes in eating habits, and further strengthen the health education on effects of the hazards and control measures, can reduce fluoride and removal of fluoride.