猪皮肤软组织海水浸泡爆炸伤创面动物模型的建立

目的 建立猪皮肤软组织海水浸泡爆炸伤创面动物模型.方法 选取8头（3头在预实验中死亡,5头进入实验）小型猪作为实验动物,在每头猪的双侧肩胛部、臀部制造4个损伤程度相当的海水浸泡爆炸伤创面,创面累及全层皮肤至脂肪层,肌肉、骨骼无明显损伤.结果 当雷管距皮肤0 cm时,创面较大,出血较多,伴邻近肢体骨折和局部肌肉缺损,于海水浸泡后6h死于全身多脏器损伤合并失血性休克;当雷管距皮肤1.0 cm时,肩胛部创面在范围、深度上均符合要求,但合并肺损伤,该猪于海水浸泡后32 h死于大面积肺梗死;当雷管距皮肤1.5 cm时,肩胛部和臀部的创面在范围、深度上均符合要求,创面可重复性好,但该猪于海水浸泡后10 h死于持续性低体温.立即改变海水浸泡方式,将炸后实验小型猪放置海水中改为海水持续浸泡爆炸创面1h,模型可重复性好,动物存活好.结论 雷管距猪皮肤为1.5 cm时,爆炸创面经海水浸泡1h,创面可重复性好,动物存活好,适合实验研究.

Establishment of animal model for seawater immersion explosion injury in swine soft tissue

Objective To establish the animal model for seawater immersion explosion injuT in swine soft tissue.Methods Eight experimental miniature swine were selected for the experiment,3 of them died in the preliminaT experiment and the other 5 were used.The explosion injuT wound models were established with detonators on bilateral shoulders and hips （4 positions）.All the wounds involved full-thickness skin,adipose layer and muscle except for the bone.Results When the detonators were placed 0 centimeter away from big skin,the wounds were large and much more blood was lost with adjacent limbs fractures and muscle defects.After being immersed in seawater for 6 hours,this pig was dead of multi-organ injuries and hemorrhagic shock; when the detonators were placed 1.0 centimeter away from skin,the wounds in shoulders met the requirements in range and depth,but combining the lung injury.After being immersed in seawater for 32 hours,this pig was dead of massive pulmonaT embolism; when the distance between the detonators and skin was 1.5 centimeters,the wounds in shoulders and hips met the requirements in range and depth.This model showed well in repeatability.However,after being immersed in seawater for 10 hours,the pig was dead of sustained hypothermia.The way of seawater immersion was changed at once,only the wounds were immersed in seawater for an hour,and the pig survived.Conclusion To establish the ideal model,the distance between the detonators and the skin should be 1.5 centimeters.Under such conditions,the pig survived and the wounds were good in repeatability and ideal for the experiment.