Catheter-related bloodstream infections in the pediatric intensive care unit

Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) are a significant complication for children treated in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). This review seeks to identify the epidemiology, risk factors, treatment, and prevention strategies for CRBSIs in the PICU. Factors such as catheter type, insertion site, number of lumens, indwelling time, and medications delivered all can influence the rate of CRBSIs. Prevention strategies include use of full-barrier techniques during insertion, use of chlorhexidine cleaning solutions during insertion and dressing change, strict adherence to catheter-care protocols, and removal of catheters as soon as possible after conclusion of therapy.