Responses of monkey nucleus of the optic tract neurons during pursuit and fixation.

We recorded 101 neurons in the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT) of 3 rhesus monkeys. The neurons were tested in a variety of oculomotor paradigms. This report focusses on the modulation of NOT neuronal activity during smooth pursuit eye movements. A small horizontally moving spot (less than 1 degrees) elicited a directionally specific response during fixation and revealed thereby the extent of the receptive fields. During pursuit NOT neurons are coding for target slip. If eye speed exceeds target speed the direction of retinal slip is reversed and in accordance with their directional sensitivity NOT neurons immediately change their activity. This result proves the slip transfer function as well as the independence from eye movement signals of NOT neurons. During pursuit across a structured background some neurons are still coding for target slip whereas other neurons are coding for background slip. These two groups of neurons can also be distinguished by their response during fixation. The response of a target slip neuron to a background movement is cancelled, whereas the response of a background neuron is not affected by fixation. There is no difference in size of receptive fields for these two groups of neurons. We conclude from our findings that directionally selective cells in the monkey NOT may provide input to the pursuit system as well as to the optokinetic system. This dichotomy may also be reflected in different efferent projections: to the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis and to the inferior olive, respectively. A similar notion was introduced by the late Maekawa for the rabbit's NOT.