实验大鼠采血方法的选择

采用300只SD大鼠进行采血。腹主动脉采血法在腹主动脉分叉处向心端1~ 3 mm处为最佳穿刺点，成功率为93.6%。眼眶后静脉采血法将针垂直插入内眦并向眼底方向转动以便切开静脉丛，成功率为89.9%。心脏穿刺采血法于剑突下以25°~30°斜行向上进针刺入皮下，针尖穿过横膈膜继续斜行刺入2.5~3.0 cm，成功率为83.4％。尾尖采血法以手术剪剪去尾尖5~10 mm，成功率为94.4%。颈静脉法于第4根肋骨水平方向刺入皮肤，向颈静脉进针，与胸部表面成30°~40°向颈静脉刺入，刺入的深度约5 mm，成功率为80.9%。腹主动脉采血法适用于取血量大的实验，不易溶血，不损伤器官，不会出现因操作不当造成的气栓与瘀血，有利于病理组织学检查。几种方法各有优缺点及注意事项，应根据不同的实验设计和要求来选择采血方式。

Rat blood collection methods

A total of 300 SD rats were used for blood sampling. In abdominal aorta approach, the best puncture point was the abdominal aortic bifurcation 1-3 mm towards the heart, with a success rate of 93.6%. In posterior orbital venous plexus approach, the needle was vertically inserted into the inner canthus and rotated toward the eyeground to open venous plexus (success rate 89.9%). In cardiac puncture approach, below the xiphoid process, the needle punctured into the skin with 25°-30°oblique upward, through the diaphragm until 2.5-3.0 cm deep (success rate 83.4%). In tail end approach, surgical scissors cut off 5-10 mm tail top (success rate 94.4%). In jugular vein approach, the needle was horizontally inserted along the fourth rib into the skin until the jugular vein, about 5 mm deep, at 30°-40° with the chest surface (success rate 80.9%). A large blood volume could be obtained by abdominal aorta approach, which leads to less haemolysis and no hurt to organs, no gas embolism or haemostasis caused by inappropriate operation. But each approach has advantages and drawbacks, the selective principle should be based on experimental require.