广州市儿童青少年平衡膳食认知与营养缺乏疾病调查

目的 了解广州市儿童青少年对平衡膳食的认知及营养缺乏疾病情况,分析二者的关联性.方法 通过分层随机抽样方法随机选取广州市天河区林和街社区6～20岁儿童青少年共350人,发放平衡膳食调查问卷,采用横断面调查方法,调查了儿童青少年对平衡膳食的认知及营养缺乏疾病的情况,按KAP总评分将调查对象分为高分组、合格组和低分组,分析三组间营养缺乏疾病有无显著性差别.结果 广州市天河区林和街社区儿童青少年对平衡膳食相关知识的了解还不够,大多数青少年营养膳食态度较好,认同平衡膳食对健康的重要性,但在膳食行为方面依然存在较多不良习惯.KAP得分高分组、合格组和低分组三组间常见营养缺乏性疾病肌肉痉挛(x2=24.01,P＜0.001)、指甲断裂(x2=7.47,P＜0.05)、口腔溃疡(x2=33.45,P＜0.001)及暗适应下降(x2=23.91,P＜0.001)差异均具有统计学意义.结论 广州市天河区林和街社区儿童青少年平衡膳食认知状况有待进一步提高,平衡膳食教育对预防儿童青少年营养缺乏性疾病具有一定的现实意义.

Investigation of cognitive of balanced diet and nutrition deficiency diseases in children and adolescents inGuangzhou.

Objective To understand the cognition of balanced diet and nutrition deficiency diseases in children and adolescents in Guangzhou and analyze the correlation between balanced diet and nutrition deficiency diseases. Methods The 350 children and adolescents among the age of 6-20 years were randomly selected by Stratified sampling method in Linhe street eommunity,Tianhe District ,Guangzhou. The cognition of balanced diet and nutrition deficiency diseases were surveyed by cross-sectional survey and questionnaire. The subjects were divided into three groups including high score, qualification and low score group by overall score of knowledge,attitude and practice （KAP）. The difference of incidence of nutrition deficiency diseases among three groups was analyzed. Results The knowledge about balanced diet was still lacking to children and adolescents in Linhe street community t. Attitude to balanced diet were good,But there were still many unhealthy habits in dietary practice. Among three groups,the incidence of muscle spasm（X^2=24.01,P〈0.001）,nail fracture （X^2=7.47,P=0.024）,oral ulcers （X^2=33.45,P〈0.001） and decreased dark adaptation （X^2=23.91 ,P〈0.001） were significant difference. Conclusion It is necessary to improve the cognition of balanced diet to children and adolescents in Linhe street eommunity,Tianhe District of Guangzhou. Balanced diet educations is important for preventing nutrition deficiency diseases in children and adolescents.