吉林市2008年中小学新生乙型肝炎病毒感染及免疫状况调查

目的 为了掌握吉林市不同年龄段学生乙肝病毒感染状况及免疫水平,评价乙肝疫苗接种及纳入计划免疫的效果.方法 2008年在新生入学时查验预防接种证,同时采血检测表面抗原和表面抗体.实验室采用ELISA法进行抗原和抗体检测,利用excel电子表进行统计分析.结果 三个年龄段的学生的表面抗原阳性率差异有统计学意义(x2=32.36,P＜ 0.05)表面抗体阳性率之间差异有统计学意义(x2=261.33,P＜ 0.05).表面抗原阳性率小学生最低,其次是初中新生,最高的是高中新生；而表面抗体阳性率高中生最低,小学生最高.男性表面抗原及表面抗体阳性率均高于女性,市郊居住的中学生表面抗原阳性率高于城市学生,小学新生组持证率、乙肝疫苗接种率和及时接种率最高,而高中新生组的最低.结论 加强乙肝疫苗免疫可以有效控制乙肝的发生与发展,而针对不同地区,不同年龄的乙肝疫苗查漏补种可以做为高年龄组防制乙肝的有效措施.

Survey of hapatitis B infection and immunization in the new students from primary and middle school in Jilin City in 2008

Objective To understand the hepatitis B infection status and evaluate immunization effect in the new students from 3 different age groups in Jilin City.Methods Immunization certificate were inspected when the new students entered a school,meanwhile blood samples were taken from the target students,HBsAg and HBsAb were determined by ELISA.Re sults There was significant difference of the positive rate of HBsAg（χ2=32.36,P0.025）and HBsAb（χ2=261.33,P0.025） among three age groups of students.The positive rates of HBsAg from low to high were pupils,junior high school students and high school students;however,the positive rates of HBsAb were in the opposite order.The positive rates of HBsAb and HBsAg of male were higher than those of female’s.The students live in suburbs were higher than that in city in surface antigen test.The rate of certificate coverage,vaccine immunization and timely immunization in pupils were highest,senior high students low est.Conclusion Reinforcement of hepatitis b vaccine immune can control the hepatitis b effectively.HBV prevention in se nior high school need to be strengthened.