海南省2010年结核病流行病学抽样调查

目的 了解海南省结核病疫情现状,评价规划执行效果,为制定下一阶段结核病防治规划提供依据.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法抽取海南省6个调查点,对15岁及以上常住人口进行结核病防治核心知识知晓率调查、症状调查并拍摄胸片.对所有有痰的胸部X线检查异常者和肺结核可疑症状者进行3次痰涂片和2次痰培养检查.对发现的活动性肺结核患者进行社会经济学问卷调查.结果 海南省活动性肺结核患病率为539/10万,涂阳肺结核患病率为167/10万,菌阳患病率为184/10万；男性患病率高于女性(x2=31.3624,P＜0.01)；老年人群患病率高于其他人群(x2=9.2314,P＜0.01)；公众结核病防治知识总知晓率为27.7％；活动性肺结核患病率和涂阳肺结核患病率较1990年分别下降34.8％和44.7％.社会经济学调查显示大部分患者来自农村,收入较低或没有任何收入.结论 20年来,海南省结核病疫情持续下降,但远高于全国平均水平.各级政府应进一步加大对结核病防治工作的投入,加强防治机构能力建设,确保结核病防治工作可持续发展.

Epidemiological sampling survey of tuberculosis in Hainan province in 2010

Objective To understand the prevalent status and trend of tuberculosis（TB） in Hainan and to evaluate the implementation of Hainan provincial TB Control Programme in 2001-2010.Methods Multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select the survey population,and six sites were selected for conducting surveys of TB knowledge and symptomatic examination.Three sputum smear examinations and two smear cultures were carried out among all abnormal persons by chest X-ray and those with suspected pulmonary TB symptoms.Then socioeconomic questionnaire survey of the detected active TB patients was conducted.Results The incidence rates of active TB,smear positive TB and culture positive TB in age group of above 15 years old in 2010 were 539/100 000,167/100 000 and 184/100 000 population.The prevalence of TB in males was higher than that of females（χ2=31.3624,P0.01）and the prevalence of TB in senile age group was higher than that of other age groups（χ2=9.2314,P0.01）.The general public TB knowledge awareness rate was 27.7%.The prevalence of active and smear positive TB dropped by 34.8% and 44.7% respectively based on the survey of 1990.Most of TB patients came from rural areas with relatively low or no income.Conclusion TB prevalence has been declining since 1990,however,it was much higher than the national average of survey.So governments at all levels should further increase the investment in TB control,and strengthen the capacity building of TB dispensary and human resource to ensure the sustainable development of TB prevention and control.