经三角肌胸大肌间隙与经三角肌入路治疗肱骨近端骨折的近期临床疗效比较

目的：探讨经三角肌胸大肌间隙与经三角肌入路治疗肱骨近端骨折的近期临床疗效。方法回顾分析2008年5月至2013年5月收集的53例肱骨近端骨折患者，其中经三角肌胸大肌间隙入路结合普通解剖钢板（经三角肌胸大肌间隙入路组）24例，经三角肌入路结合锁定钢板（经三角肌入路组）29例。对切口长度、术后疼痛评分、出血量、骨折愈合时间、并发症发生率、关节功能评价等进行比较分析。结果所有患者均获随访，时间6～24个月，平均16．3个月，骨折均骨性愈合。两组手术时间、出血量、术后72 h 平均疼痛评分、骨折愈合时间及术后1个月肩关节功能评分比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05），术后6个月两组肩关节功能评分差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。经三角肌胸大肌间隙入路组出现切口延迟愈合2例，螺钉松动3例，肱骨头内翻4例，肱骨头坏死2例，并发症发生率45．8％；经三角肌入路组出现螺钉切割2例，肱骨头内翻2例，并发症发生率13．8％；两组术后并发症发生率比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论经三角肌入路结合锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折，创伤小，疼痛轻，术后并发症少，近期临床疗效好于经三角肌胸大肌间隙入路结合普通解剖钢板。

Comparison of short-term effects by anterolateral deltoid approach or delto-pectoral approach for proximal humerus fractures

Objective To compare the short-term effects of proximal humerus fractures by deltoid approach or delto-pectoral approach .Methods The clinical records of 53 patients with proximal humeral fracture for two kinds of different treatment were re-viewed :delto-pectoral approach with anatomical form plate(delto-pectoral group ,24 cases) or anterolateral deltoid approach with locking proximal humerus plate (anterolateral deltoid approach group ,29 cases) from May 2008 to May 2013 .The length of inci-sion ,bleeding volume ,postoperative painscores ,union of fracture time ,incidence of complications ,pain and function of shoulder score (Neer scores) were compared and recorded .Results All the patients were followed up for 6 - 24 months(mean 16 .3 month) , and all patients obtained bone union .The anterolateral deltoid approach was significantly higher than delto-pectoral approach in the operation fime ,the bleeding volume ,postoperative painscores ,union of fracture time ,pain and function of shoulder score(after a month)(P< 0 .05) .There were not significant differences of function of shoulder score (beyond 6 months)(P > 0 .05) .By delto-pectoral approach ,there were 2 cases with delayed wound healing ,3 cases underwent the loosening of screw ,4 cases humerus head varus and 2 cases necrosis of head of humerus ,with the rate of complications of 45 .8% .On the other hand ,deltoid approach group were 2 cases underwent screw cutting and 2 cases humerus head varus ,with the rate of complications of 13 .8% (P< 0 .05) .Conclu-sion The clinical results of anterolateraldeltoid approach group with locking proximal humerus plate had the advantage of reliable fixation ,less suffering ,less surgical trauma and less complication ,which was better the short-term effects than delto-pectoral ap-proach with atomical from plate .