耳蜗的解剖学观测及意义

目的：解剖观测胎儿内耳耳蜗,为人类学和临床医学提供基础资料。方法：选择经福尔马林固定过的引产8月大胎儿头颅6例。雕刻显示内耳耳蜗,以耳蜗为起点蜗顶为止点做一坐标线,以蜗轴为另一坐标线。结果：耳蜗螺旋管圈数、蜗底至蜗顶高度、蜗螺旋管第一圈直径分别为2.5圈、（4.40±0.16）mm、（7.61±0.04）mm。中耳的迷路壁上中部岬的后上方有前庭窗,后下方为蜗窗。在前庭窗的后上方为面神经管,胎儿的面神经管未完全骨化为一膜性结构。结论：胎儿耳蜗圈数、蜗高及第一圈直径与成人耳蜗基本一致,说明耳蜗在胚胎8月份其形态大小已基本成型。

Anatomical Observations and Significance of the Cochlea

Objective：To provide basic data for anthropology and clinical practice,the anatomic study of the cochlea of the fetal internal ear is measured.Methods：Select 6 big,aborted,eight-month-old fetal heads with formalin fixed.The cochlea was showed by engraving.One coordinate line is made from the promontory,to the top point of the cochlea and the other axis is made by cochlear axis.Results： The cochlear turns;the cochlear height;the diameter of the first turns are 2.5 circle;（4.40±0.16） mm;（7.61±0.04） mm.At the back upper part of promontory located in the middle of labyrinth wall of the middle ear,there is the fenestra vestibule.While the fensesta cochlea is situated at the back lower part of promontory.Behind the top of the fenestra vestibule is the facial nerve canal,which is not fully ossified and is amembranous structure in embryo.Conclusion： The cochlear turns,cochlear height,diameter of the first round of the cochlea of fetus are basically same as adult＇s.Tt indicates that the shape and size of cochlea have been basically formed since the eighth month of embryo.