养老机构老年人社会适应能力现状及其影响因素调查

目的：了解养老机构老年人的社会适应能力现状，分析其影响因素。方法：采用问卷调查法，对北京、广州和苏州的6家养老机构的579名老年人进行调研。结果：①老年人社会适应能力得分为（8.41±7.22）分（0～20，M=7.00），其中社会适应能力完好的老年人195例（33.68%）、能力轻度受损的老年人102例（17.62%）、能力中度受损的老年人98例（16.93%）、重度受损的老年人184例（31.78%）；②多元线性回归分析显示，日常生活活动能力、精神认知水平和沟通交流能力是影响老年人社会适应能力的主要因素（R2=0.831，F=945.632，P〈0.001）。结论：在养老机构中，老年人的社会适应能力普遍较低，养老机构管理者可以通过改善老年人日常生活状况，提供科学合理的护理服务以提高老年人精神认知和沟通情况，促使其较好地适应养老机构的生活，安享晚年。

Investigation and analysis on current situation and influencing factors of social adaptation ability among the elderly in nursing institutions

Objective：To explore current situation and inlfuencing factors of social adaptation ability among the elderly in nursing institutions. Methods：We used questionnaires to investigate 579 old people from six nursing institutions in Beijing, Guangzhou and Suzhou. Results： ① The score of social adaptation ability was 8.41±7.22 （0-20, M=7.00）;As to their social adaptation ability, 195 （33.68%） cases were intact;102 （17.62%） cases were slight damaged;98 （16.93%） cases were moderate damaged and 184 （31.78%） cases were severely damaged.②Multiple linear regression analysis results indicated that activities of daily living, cognitive level and communication ability were three factors mainly affecting old people＇s social adaptation ability （R2=0.831, F=945.632, P〈0.001）. Conclusion：In nursing institutions, old people＇s social adaptation abilities are generally weak. It has close relationship with the activities of daily living/cognitive level/communication ability. Managers of those institutions may let the elderly have a better adaptation to their new lives by providing evidence-based and appropriate nursing care services. What＇s more, improving their activities of daily living could also help them enjoy their latter life.