结肠癌、直肠癌病人术后支持性照顾需求差异研究

目的：比较结直肠癌病人术后支持性照顾需求的不同，为护理人员开展健康指导提供依据和指导。方法：选择2012年37月在某三级甲等肿瘤专科医院通过病理检查确诊的结直肠癌接受手术的161例病人，在癌症病人支持性照顾需求调查问卷（SCNS）的基础上，设计增加未保肛病人适用的造口支持需求维度进行问卷调查，共6个维度70个条目。结果：结肠癌和直肠癌病人术后心理需求和照顾与支持需求无差异，健康信息需求、生理及日常生活需求、性需求、造口需求有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。有无造口病人的健康信息需求、造口需求有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。结论：直肠癌病人术后支持性照顾需求高，应给予更多重视和指导，医务人员是结直肠癌病人最需要的社会支持力量，应利用这种信赖关系给予系统的健康指导，帮助病人实现生理-心理-社会的全面康复，提高生活质量，早日重返社会。

An investigation of the difference in supportive care needs between postoperative patients with colon cancer and those with rectal cancer

Objective： To compare the difference in supportive care needs between postoperative patients with colon cancer and those with rectal cancer, in order to prepare nurses with better health education guidance. Methods： We chose 161 colorectal cancer patients with pathological diagnoses in a first-class cancer hospital. They were all treated by surgery from March 2012 to July. Based on Supportive Care Needs Survey （SCNS） for cancer patients, we developed a questionnaire including 6 demand dimensions and 70 items with a stoma demand dimension added for un-reserving anus patients. Results： Patients with colon cancer and those with rectal cancer had no statistical difference in psychological demand and care and support demand, but had statistical difference in health information demand, physiological and daily-life demand, sex demand and stoma demand （P〈0.05）. Conclusions： Postoperative patients with rectal cancer have higher supportive care needs, which should be given more attention to. Medical personnel are most important social supports for patients with colorectal cancer, and should use patients＇ trust to give them systemic health education, and help them achieve physiological-psychological-social comprehensive rehabilitation, improve their quality of life, and help them return to society soon.