北京市通州区中小学生血尿酸水平与影响因素分析

  目的  了解北京市通州区中小学生血尿酸水平及影响因素，为青少年高尿酸血症(HUA)防控提供参考依据。  方法  采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法，抽取北京市通州区3个城区和3个乡镇的4所中学与4所小学共1 483名学生进行问卷调查、体格和血液检查，并对血尿酸水平及影响因素进行分析。  结果  通州区中小学生血尿酸水平呈偏态分布，中位值为296.0 mol/L，四分位距为96.0 mol/L，高尿酸血症总检出率为14.83%(220/1 483)。单因素分析显示，中学生、乡镇学生、男生、家庭用餐学生、高三酰甘油学生、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇较低(HDL-C)学生、肥胖学生的血清尿酸水平相对较高，差异均有统计学意义(H/U值分别为119 938，229 525，212 043，156 347，42 052，63 375，33.49，P值均 < 0.05)；高年龄段、中学生、乡镇学生、超重或肥胖以及低HDL-C的学生HUA检出率较高(χ2值分别为614.55，73.20，6.16，30.56，14.50，P值均 < 0.05)；多因素Logistic回归显示，高年龄段、男生、低HDL-C、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇较高、超重和肥胖均与HUA呈正相关(P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  通州区中小学生血尿酸水平及高尿酸血症检出率处于较高水平，患病风险和影响因素具有显著特征，应加强针对性防控措施。

Analysis of serum uric acid levels and associated factors among primary and middle school students in Tongzhou District,Beijing

  Objective  To examine uric acid (UA) levels and their influencing factors among primary and middle school students in the Tongzhou District of Beijing, and to provide referential guidance for the prevention and control of hyperuricemia in teenagers.  Methods  A total of 1 483 students from four middle schools and four primary schools in three cities and three towns in Tongzhou District were selected for a questionnaire survey, physical examination, and blood examination using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. The results of the serum uric acid (SUA) examinations were statistically analyzed and the influencing factors were evaluated.  Results  The UA level of the students was skewed, with a median value of 296.0 mol/L and an interquartile distance of 96.0 mol/L. The overall detection rate of hyperuricemia was 14.83% (220/1 483). Middle school students (342 μmol/L), students from villages and towns (307 μmol/L), males (309 μmol/L), family dining students (298 μmol/L), students with high levels of triglyceride (TG) (318 μmol/L), students with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (329 μmol/L), and obese students (303 μmol/L) all had statistically higher SUA levels(H/U value was 119 938, 229 525, 212 043, 156 347, 42 052, 63 375, 33.49, P < 0.05). The univariate analysis showed that the HUA detection rate was higher in older age groups, middle school students, township students, overweight or obese students, and low HDL-C students(χ2=614.55, 73.20, 6.16, 30.56, 14.50, P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression showed that older age, being male, low HDL-C, high LDL-C, overweight, and obesity were risk factors for HUA(P < 0.05).  Conclusion  The SUA level and the detection rate of hyperuricemia among primary and middle school students in Tongzhou District were high, and the risk of disease and influencing factors had significant characteristics. Therefore, targeted prevention and control measures should be strengthened.