蛋白质及动物性食物摄入对中国女童初潮年龄的前瞻性影响

  目的  探讨初潮前蛋白质及动物性食物摄入对中国女童初潮年龄的前瞻性影响，为预防中国女童初潮年龄提前提供科学依据。  方法  利用1997—2015年“中国健康与营养调查(CHNS)”数据库的数据，选取初潮年龄、身高、体重、家庭人均年收入、母亲文化程度信息完整且初潮前1~4年内至少具有1次完整膳食调查数据的683名≥6岁女童作为研究对象。按城乡分层，采用多重线性回归模型分别分析初潮前蛋白质及动物性食物摄入对中国城市和农村女童初潮年龄的前瞻性影响。  结果  调整总能量摄入、体质量指数标准差评分和家庭人均年收入后，初潮前肉类摄入量与农村女童初潮年龄呈负相关(B=-0.003，P=0.00)，与城市女童初潮年龄无相关(B=0.001，P>0.05)，而初潮前总蛋白质、乳类、蛋类和水产类摄入量与城市和农村女童初潮年龄均无相关(B值分别为0.002，-0.001，0.003，0.000；0.001，0.001，-0.001，-0.003，P值均>0.05)。  结论  初潮前肉类摄入较多可能会导致中国农村女童初潮发生较早，而总蛋白质、乳类、蛋类和水产类摄入可能对中国女童初潮年龄无影响。

Prospective effects of protein and animal foods intake on age at menarche among Chinese girls

  Objective  To investigate the prospective effects of the consumption of protein and animal foods before menarche on the age at menarche among Chinese girls.  Methods  This paper was based on the data collected in the China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS) from 1997 to 2015. A total of 683 girls aged 6 and over who had completed information on age at menarche, height, weight, per capita annual household income, maternal education level and participated in at least one complete dietary survey within 1 to 4 years before menarche were included. Urban-rural stratified multivariable linear regression model was used to examine the effects of protein and animal foods intake before menarche on Chinese girls' age at menarche in urban and rural areas.  Results  After adjusted for total energy intake, body mass index standard deviation score and per capita annual household income, the consumption of meat before menarche was negatively associated with the age at menarche among rural Chinese girls(B=-0.003, P=0.00), but not among urban Chinese girls(B=0.002, P>0.05). Total protein, dairy, eggs and aquatic products intake before menarche were not associated with Chinese girls' age at menarche in urban and rural areas(B=0.002, -0.001, 0.003, 0.000; 0.001, 0.001, -0.001, -0.003, P>0.05).  Conclusion  Higher intake of meat before menarche might lead to earlier menarche onset in rural Chinese girls. The consumption of total protein, dairy, eggs, and aquatic products before menarche did not affect the age at menarche in Chinese girls.