PM2.5短期暴露与儿童青少年血压的关联

  目的  研究PM2.5短期暴露与儿童青少年血压的关联，为综合保护儿童青少年的健康提供科学依据。  方法  选择参加2017—2018学年某市中小学生健康体检中人口学特征和血压等资料完整且无心脏等重要脏器疾病史的144 813名初一和高一年级学生为研究对象。从各学校附近的空气质量和气象监测站获取PM2.5等污染物及气象要素数据，采用广义线性混合效应模型，分析PM2.5短期暴露与血压的关联。  结果  PM2.5的6 d平均质量体积浓度(lag05)每增加10 μg/m3，收缩压增加0.177(95%CI=0.148~0.207)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)，收缩压偏高检出率增加4.4%(OR=1.044, 95%CI=1.030~1.058)，舒张压降低-0.021(95%CI=-0.040~-0.002)mm Hg，与舒张压偏高检出率关联无统计学意义；总体上PM2.5每增加10 μg/m3，可使血压偏高检出率增加3.3%(OR=1.03, 95%CI=1.02~1.05)。在体检当日至体检前第3~5天(lag3~lag5)时，男女生差异均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  PM2.5短期暴露与儿童青少年收缩压升高以及血压偏高检出率的增加有关。应重视PM2.5短期暴露的防护，保护儿童青少年的血压健康。

Association between short-term exposure of fine particulate matters and blood pressure in children and adolescents

  Objective  To evaluate the association of short-term fine particulate matters (PM2.5) exposure and blood pressure in children and adolescents.  Methods  A total of 144 813 junior and senior middle school students who participated in the physical examination in the 2017-2018 academic year in a northern city of China, with complete record of demographic characteristics, blood pressure and no history of heart and other important organ diseases were selected as the study subjects. Data on PM2.5 and other pollutants and meteorological data were obtained from the nearest air quality and meteorological monitoring stations of each schools. A generalized linear mixed effect model was used to analyze the association between short-term exposure of PM2.5 and blood pressure.  Results  The 6-day average concentration of PM2.5 (lag05) increased by 10 μg/m3 was associated with an increase of 0.177(95%CI=0.148-0.207)mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) in systolic blood pressure and 4.4%(OR=1.044, 95%CI=1.030-1.058) increase of the prevalence of high systolic blood pressure. And it was also associated with -0.021(95%CI=-0.040--0.002)mm Hg decrease in diastolic blood pressure, but had no significant correlation with the prevalence of high diastolic blood pressure. In general, a 10 μg/m3 increase of PM2.5 was associated with 3.3% increase in the prevalence of high blood pressure (OR=1.03, 95%CI=1.02-1.05), and difference of boys and girls were found in different lagged days (P < 0.05).  Conclusion  Short-term exposure of PM2.5 is associated with increased systolic blood pressure and prevalence of high blood pressure among children and adolescents. Attention should be paid to the prevention of short-term exposure of PM2.5 to protect the health of children and adolescents.