河南和四川省2016—2018年农村学校环境卫生与学生个人卫生变化

  目的  了解2016—2018年河南和四川农村学校环境卫生、学生卫生知识和行为以及腹泻发生的变化情况, 为改善农村学校环境卫生、提高农村学生健康素养以及降低学生腹泻及其他传染性疾病发生率提供数据支持。  方法  以"整乡环境卫生全覆盖项目"为基础, 分别于2016和2018年, 选择项目所有农村小学共13所, 其中河南8所, 四川5所, 每校抽取四年级1个班的学生, 2016和2018年分别调查450名学生, 通过访谈、观察、询问以及调查问卷等方法调查学校饮用水、环境卫生、学生个人卫生及行为、近3个月腹泻发生情况。  结果   2016—2018年, 为学生提供安全饮水的学校由6所增加到8所, 洗手设施能正常使用的学校由9所增加到12所, 洗手设施配备肥皂或洗手液的学校由2所增加到9所, 厕所类型为卫生厕所的学校由9所增加到12所。学生总卫生知识知晓率由58.74%(793/1 350)上升至64.96%(877/1 350), 总卫生行为形成率由67.78%(1 220/1 800)上升至75.28%(1 355/1 800), 近3个月发生过腹泻的比例由36.89%(166/450)下降到21.11%(95/450), 差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为11.08, 24.86, 27.20, P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  河南和四川农村学校基础环境卫生设施明显改善, 学生卫生知识知晓率和卫生行为形成率均有提高, 学生腹泻发生率下降。

Changes of environmental and personal hygiene in rural schools of Henan and Sichuan from 2016 to 2018

  Objective   To investigate the changes of environmental sanitation, health knowledge and behavior of students and diarrhea in rural schools in Henan and Sichuan Provinces from 2016 to 2018, and to provide data for improving environmental sanitation, health literacy, as well as reducing diarrhea and other infectious diseases among rural students.   Methods   Based on the "Community Approach to Total Sanitation (CATS)", a total of 13 rural primary schools were selected in 2016 and 2018 respectively, including 8 in Henan and 5 in Sichuan. One class of fourth-grade students was selected from each school. Totally 450 students were surveyed in 2016 and 2018, respectively. The drinking water, environmental hygiene, students' personal hygiene and behavior, and the incidence of diarrhea in recent 3 months were investigated by interview, observation, inquiry and questionnaire.   Results   Between 2016 and 2018, the number of schools providing safe drinking water for students increased from 6 to 8, the number of schools with proper hand washing facilities increased from 9 to 12, the number of schools with hand washing facilities equipped with soap or hand sanitizer increased from 2 to 9, and the number of schools with sanitary toilet type increased from 9 to 12. The awareness rate of students' total health knowledge increased from 58.74% (793/1 350) to 64.96% (877/1 350), the formation rate of students' total health behavior increased from 67.78% (1 220/1 800) to 75.28% (1 355/1 800), the proportion of diarrhea in recent 3 months decreased from 36.89% (166/450) to 21.11% (95/450), the differences were statistically significant(χ2=11.08, 24.86, 27.20, P < 0.05).   Conclusion   The basic environmental sanitation facilities of rural schools in Henan and Sichuan has improved substantially, together with increased students' health knowledge and hygiene behavior, and decreased incidence of students' diarrhea.