厦门市中小学生营养状况与身体素质指标的相关性

  目的  探讨厦门市中小学生营养状况及其与身体功能和体能指标之间的关联，为改善中小学生的营养状况和身体素质提供数据支持。  方法  2019年10—11月，采用随机分层整群抽样方法，抽取厦门市2 752名6~18岁汉族中小学生为研究对象，将其分为营养不良组、正常体重组和超重肥胖组，利用χ2检验、Kruskal-wallis检验和偏相关分析进行统计分析。  结果  厦门市中小学生营养不良检出率为8.4%(231名)，超重肥胖检出率为24.2%(667名)，男生超重肥胖检出率(31.4%)高于女生(17.0%)，营养状况在不同年龄间分布差异有统计学意义(χ2=40.43，P＜0.05)。在肺活量体重指数上，男、女生均表现为超重肥胖组低于体重正常组，体重正常组低于营养不良组(χ2值分别为14.2，5.6；17.2，11.6，P值均<0.01)；男、女生握力体重指数、50 m跑及体能指数(PFI)均表现为正常体重组均优于超重肥胖组(χ2值分别为99.5，6.6，10.4；8.18，5.16，7.13，P值均<0.05)。  方法  厦门市中小学生超重肥胖防控形势严峻，超重肥胖均会导致身体功能和体能素质下降。应重视营养状况的改善，提高学生身体素质。

Association between nutritional status and indicators of physical fitness and physical capacity among primary and secondary school students in Xiamen

  Objective  To investigate the nutritional status and its relationship with the indexes of physical function and physical capacity among primary and middle school students in Xiamen, so as to provide statistical support for improving their nutritional status and physical health.  Methods  A total of 2 752 primary and middle school students aged between 6 and 18 years old were selected in Xiamen. They were divided into malnutrition group, normal group and overweight and obesity group according to the national standards. Statistical analysis was carried out by chi-square test, Kruskal-wallis test and partial correlation analysis.  Results   The prevalence of malnutrition among primary and secondary school students in Xiamen was 8.4%(231), the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 24.2%(667), and the prevalence of overweight and obesity among boys(31.4%) was higher than girls(17.0%).The distribution of nutritional status between different ages was statistically significant (χ2=40.43, P<0.05). On the lung activity index, both boys and girls were shown to be overweight and obesity  Conclusion  The prevention and control situation of overweight between primary and secondary school students in Xiamen city, is more serious. Overweight and obesity are related to decline in physical function and physical fitness. Nutritional status should be paid more attention for physical fitness improvement among students.