农村留守儿童膳食多样化评价及其影响因素分析

  目的  评价学龄期留守儿童的膳食多样化得分及其影响因素，为指导留守儿童合理膳食提供参考依据。  方法  2019年8月对2009年在江苏射阳建立的儿童出生队列中501名9~10岁儿童进行调查，问卷询问儿童留守情况与其他基本信息，24 h膳食回顾法收集膳食资料。根据联合国粮食与农业组织(Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO)的标准计算膳食多样化得分(dietary diversity score, DDS₁₀和DDS)和食物多样性得分(food variety score, FVS)；测量儿童的体格发育指标并评估肥胖情况，应用多变量回归分析留守情况与膳食多样化得分关系及影响因素。  结果  留守儿童的比例为40.9%，3种膳食多样化得分(DDS₁₀、DDS、FVS)分别为(5.69±1.31)(6.55±1.44)(13.48±4.23)分，均低于非留守儿童(5.99±1.29，6.79±1.40，14.15±4.22)分，留守儿童与非留守儿童的DDS₁₀评分差异有统计学意义(P=0.01)。广义线性模型回归结果显示，性别、被动吸烟、家庭教育水平、家庭年收入、留守情况与膳食多样化得分相关均有统计学意义(P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  留守儿童的膳食多样化程度较低，膳食多样化与儿童性别、被动吸烟、家庭教育水平和家庭年收入等有关。应注重留守儿童膳食多样化，改善儿童饮食。

Dietary diversity and determinants among left-behind children in rural area

  Objective  To evaluate the status of dietary diversity and determinants among school-age left-behind children.  Methods  A total of 501 children aged 9-10 years in Sheyang Mini Cohort Study were enrolled from Sheyang City in Jiangsu Province during 2019. A questionnaires survey was administrated to collect left-behind and socioeconomic information. Twenty-four hour dietary recall survey was conducted, dietary diversity score (DDS₁₀ and DDS) and food variety score (FVS) were computed according to Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Weight and height of children were measured and sex-and age-standardized body mass index was used to define obesity. Multivariable regression models were preformed to explore the determinants of dietary diversity in school-age left-behind children.  Results  The proportion of left-behind children was 40.9%. The mean value and standard deviation of three kinds of dietary diversity score (DDS₁₀, DDS, FVS) in left-behind children were (5.69±1.31)(6.55±1.44) and (13.48±4.23), respectively. All of these were lower than that in non-left-behind children (DDS₁₀: 5.99±1.29; DDS: 6.79±1.40; FVS: 14.15±4.22). Significant difference in DDS₁₀ between left-behind and non-left-behind children was observed (P=0.01). The results of multivariable regression demonstrated that gender, passive smoking, family education level and family economic status were related to dietary diversity scores (P < 0.05).  Conclusion  Dietary diversity in school-age left-behind children was not optimistic and gender, passive smoking, parental education level, family economic status and left-behind situation play a critical role in dietary diversity among these children.