江苏省某市小学生血铅影响因素分析

  目的  了解某市儿童铅暴露水平及环境影响因素，为制定降低中国儿童血铅水平决策提供依据。  方法  2017年5月在江苏省某市选择2所小学，将学校373名一年级儿童全部作为研究对象，对儿童进行血液重金属水平检测、铅暴露风险评估，对46户儿童进行了家庭积尘中铅检测，使用二分类多因素Logistic回归对铅暴露风险进行多因素分析，对46份积尘检测结果进行空间展示，并与企业空间位置比对。  结果  373名儿童血铅几何均值为25.80 mg/L，其中3名(0.8%)儿童血铅超过100 mg/L。儿童平时有啃咬铅笔的行为(OR=4.26，95%CI=1.61~10.68，P < 0.05)和住所或学校周边有铅暴露环境(OR=2.93，95%CI=1.24~7.34，P=0.02)与高血铅均呈正相关。46户儿童家庭积尘几何均值为302.27 μg/mg，且高积尘铅家庭户主要分布在生产企业周边。  结论  环境影响因素与儿童血铅具有相关关系。社会各界应高度重视，减少环境铅污染；家庭和学校应积极开展健康教育，促进儿童养成良好的卫生习惯，从而有效降低儿童铅暴露水平。

Risk factors for children's blood lead levels in one city of Jiangsu

  Objective  To understand the level and risk factor of lead exposure among children in one city of Jiangsu.  Methods  In northern Jiangsu Province, 373 children from 2 primary schools were enrolled and were tested for blood lead and heavy metal exposure. Lead exposure was tested in household dust of 46 children. A multivariate Logistic regression was used for lead exposure risk analysis. Spatial distribution of lead contamination in household dust was conducted and compared with the location of industrial enterprises.  Results  The geometric mean of blood lead in 373 children was 25.80 mg/L, the blood lead of 3 children (0.8%) was more than 100 mg/L. Pencil biting (OR=4.26, 95%CI=1.61-10.68, P < 0.05) and lead contamination in surrounding environment (OR=2.93, 95%CI=1.24-7.34, P=0.02) was positively related to high blood lead level in children. The geometric mean household dust lead concentrations in 46 children was 302.27 μg/mg, and household with high dust lead levels were mainly located around manufacturing enterprises.  Conclusion  Environmental factors correlate with blood lead level in children. Efficient strategies and public health policies are urgently needed to control and prevent environmental lead pollution. Families and schools should actively carry out health education to engourage children good hygiene habits, and effectively reduce lead exposure.