北京市学生标化与非标化近视检出率比较

  目的  比较标化前后北京市各区学生近视检出率的差异，为阐明标化率在基层卫生工作中的重要性和实际意义提供依据。  方法  研究对象来自“2018年北京市学生常见病和健康影响因素监测与干预”项目，采用整群抽样的方法，从北京市16个区的107所中小学校和35所幼儿园中抽取41 029名研究对象，所有研究对象均完成了远视力检查和屈光检测。采用2018—2019学年北京教育事业发展统计概要公布的学生构成作为标准组对北京市各区学生的近视检出率进行标化，比较标化前后各区学生近视检出率的变化。  结果  2018年北京市学生近视检出率为57.3%；幼儿园学生近视检出率为12.1%，小学生为38.4%，初中生为77.2%，普通高中生为88.3%，职业高中生为73.1%。尽管标化前后均以区9学生的近视检出率最高，但检出率差异高达13.8百分点。标化前以区13学生的近视检出率最低，而标化后以区12学生的近视检出率最低。  结论  北京市学生的近视检出率普遍较高，且标化前后各区学生的近视检出率及排序差别较大。在实际工作中，采用标化率可以正确揭示疾病真实的流性特征。

Comparative analysis of standardized and non-standardized of myopia prevalence in Beijing students

  Objective  To clarify the importance and practical significance of the standardized rate in primary healthcare work by comparing the differences in the prevalence of myopia in districts in Beijing before and after standardization.  Methods  This study recruited a total of 41 029 students from 107 primary and secondary schools and 35 kindergartens from the 16 districts of Beijing municipality. All participants underwent distance vision and refractive testing. The presence of myopia was defined as naked eye vision of < 5.0 and non-ciliary muscle paralysis under computer optometry with a spherical equivalent objective refractive error of < -0.50 diopters (< -0.50 D). The student composition outlined in the 2018-2019 Beijing Education Development Statistics Summary was used as a standard group to standardize the prevalence of myopia in students from various districts of Beijing. The difference in the pre-and post-standardization rates was used to compare the change in myopia in each district before and after standardization.  Results  In 2018, the prevalence of myopia in students from Beijing was 57.3%. Stratified by school period, the prevalence of myopia in preschool, primary school, junior high school, ordinary high school, and vocational high school students was 12.1%, 38.4%, 77.2%, 88.3%, and 73.1%, respectively. Although the prevalence of myopia in Daxing District was the highest both before and after standardization, the difference in the prevalence rate was 13.8 percentage points. The prevalence of myopia in Miyun District was the lowest before standardization. However, after standardization, the prevalence of myopia was lowest in Huairou District.  Conclusion  The prevalence of myopia among Beijing students is generally high. Before and after standardization, the prevalence of myopia in different districts was quite different. The results show that, in practice, the standardized prevalence can reveal the true epidemiological characteristics of specific disease.