学龄前儿童睡眠障碍与情绪行为问题的关联

  目的  探讨芜湖地区学龄前儿童睡眠情况及与儿童情绪行为问题的关联，为改善儿童睡眠质量和情绪行为问题提供依据。  方法  2017年5月对芜湖市12所幼儿园1 158名大班儿童进行整群抽样调查，采用自制问卷调查儿童的一般情况和入睡前情况，采用《长处与困难问卷(SDQ)父母版》和《2~5岁儿童睡眠状况调查问卷》调查情绪行为及睡眠障碍问题。  结果  调查儿童情绪行为问题异常总的检出率为44.21%，其中同伴交往问题最为突出；学龄前儿童入睡前情况存在性别差异，主要体现在是否单独睡眠及睡前是否需要安慰物两个方面；41.97%的学龄前儿童检出至少1种睡眠障碍类型，其中睡眠不安的检出率女童为33.83%，高于男童的25.97%；睡眠影响学龄前儿童情绪行为问题出现，异态睡眠(OR=2.33，95%CI=1.25~4.34)和睡眠不安(OR=4.92，95%CI=1.28~19.00)增加女童该问题的风险，睡眠充足会降低此风险(OR=0.46，95%CI=0.27~0.77)；异态睡眠增加男童情绪行为异常的风险(OR=1.86，95%CI=1.08~3.19)，而单独睡眠降低该风险(OR=0.59，95%CI=0.37~0.95)。  结论  睡眠障碍增加学龄前儿童情绪行为问题的发生，充足的睡眠及儿童单独的睡眠习惯可减少其情绪行为问题的出现，睡眠与儿童情绪行为问题的发生具有性别差异。

Association between sleep disorders and behavioral problems in preschool children

  Objective  To investigate the association between sleep with emotional and behavioral problems of preschool children in Wuhu City.  Methods  A cluster sampling survey was conducted among senior class of 12 kindergartens in Wuhu City, a total of 1 158 preschool children were investigated. The self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the general situation and sleep characteristics. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Sleeping Quality Questionnaire for Children Aged 2-5 years were used to investigate their emotional behavior and sleep disorders.  Results  About 44.21% of respondents had emotional and behavioral problems, among which peer interaction was the most prominent. There were gender differences in sleeping alone and the need of comforters for sleep. 41.97% of preschool children detected at least one type of sleep disorder, and the detection rate of disturbed sleep was 33.83% in girls, which was higher than that of boys(25.97%). Abnormal sleep and disturbed sleep increased the risk of emotional and behavioral problems in preschool girls(OR=2.33, 95%CI=1.25-4.34; OR=4.92, 95%CI=1.28-19.00), adequate sleep reduced the risk(OR=0.46, 95%CI=0.27-0.77). Abnormal sleep increased the risk of boys' emotional and behavioral abnormalities(OR=1.86, 95%CI=1.08-3.19), while sleeping alone reduced the risk(OR=0.59, 95%CI=0.37-0.95).  Conclusion  Sleep behaviors are associated with the occurrence of emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children in a sex-specific manner.