贵州省2015—2019年0~19岁人群植物及毒蘑菇类中毒事件分析

  目的  分析贵州省2015—2019年0~19岁人群植物及毒蘑菇类中毒事件的流行规律及特点，为预防和控制儿童青少年食物中毒事件的发生提供防控依据。  方法  收集贵州省2015—2019年食源性疾病暴发监测系统报告的0~19岁人群植物及毒蘑菇类中毒事件资料，对其核实整理并进行统计分析。  结果  2015—2019年贵州省0~19岁人群共发生植物及毒蘑菇类中毒事件590起，中毒1 441人，死亡5人；中毒事件高峰在5月和9月，家庭和集体食堂是植物及毒蘑菇类中毒事件的高发场所，占总事件的90.68%(535/590)；中毒原因食品最多的是毒蘑菇及马桑果，占71.69%(423/590)，其中5起中毒死亡病例全部由毒蘑菇中毒引起。  结论  贵州省0~19岁人群植物及毒蘑菇类中毒事件中，乡镇及农村地区散居儿童、中小学生是中毒高发群体。应重点加强对农村地区儿童青少年有毒植物及毒蘑菇类中毒防控的宣传教育，减少相关中毒事件的发生。

Analysis of plant and poisonous mushroom poisoning events among people aged 0-19 in Guizhou Province from 2015 to 2019

  Objective  To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of plant and mushroom poisoning events among people aged 0-19 in Guizhou Province from 2015 to 2019, so as to provide the basis for prevention and control of food poisoning events among children and adolescents.  Methods  Data of people aged 0 to 19 involved in plant and mushroom poisoning incidents reported by the foodborne disease outbreak surveillance system in Guizhou Province from 2015 to 2019 were collected, verified, sorted and statistically analyzed.  Results  From 2015 to 2019, there were 590 cases of plant and mushroom poisoning among people aged 0 to 19 in Guizhou Province, 1 441 people were poisoned and 5 died. In May and September, family and collective dining halls were the places with the highest incidence of plant and poisonous mushroom poisoning incidents, accounting for 90.68% (535/590) of the total incidents. Poisonous mushrooms and masanberry accounted for 71.69% (423/590) of the food poisoning causes, and 5 people died of poisoning were caused by poisonous mushrooms.  Conclusion  In the cases of plant and mushroom poisoning among people aged 0-19 years in Guizhou Province, preschool primary and middle school students in rural areas are most vulnerable population of poisoning, so it is necessary to strengthen the publicity and education on the prevention and control of toxic plant and mushroom poisoning among children and teenagers in rural areas, so as to reduce the occurrence of relevant poisoning incidents.