静脉留置针输液过程中的常见问题分析与护理对策

目的探讨静脉留置针输液过程中的常见问题分析与护理对策。方法随机选取我科90例患者作为研究对象。观察90例患者的留置针置入长度,穿刺部位,留置针的留置时间,封管液及封管方式与常见问题的关系。结果静脉留置针血管外留1² mm较留置针完全置入血管的发生机械性静脉炎的概率明显减少。静脉留置针留置3 d以上发生静脉炎的概率明显高于3 d以内;穿刺部位为关节部位的留置针发生液体渗漏的机会高于非关节活动部位;采用0.9%的氯化钠注射液+肝素钠封管液进行封管,留置针堵塞的现象明显减少;通过正压封管的患者发生导管堵塞的现象明显低于负压封管,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论正确选择置管长度、穿刺部位、留置时间及封管方式再加熟练穿刺技术,能够有效的控制留置针在输液过程中问题的发生。

Analysis of the Common Problems and Nursing Countermeasures in Transfusion Process of Venous Indwelling Needle

Objective To discuss the common problems and nuring care measures in transfusion process of venous indwelling needle. Method To select 90 patients used venous indwelling needle in our department were selected randomly and observing the relationship between retaining depth of intravenous indwelling needle, choice of the puncture site, retaining time of intravenous Indwelling needle, the interaction of different sealing liquid and different sealing methods in the infusion process and the common problems. Result The rate of occurrence of mechanical phlebitis caused by indwelling needle retaining 1-2 mm out of blood vessel is obviously lower than by indwelling needle retaining wholly inside blood vessel. The rate of occurrence of phlebitis caused by retaining more than 3 days was significantly higher than that within 3 days. The rate of infusion leakage occurring of Joint parts was significantly higher than that of non-joint parts of the indwelling needle. The rate of phlebitis of intravenous infusion of 0.9%Nacl and heparin dilution liquid was decreased significantly. The incidence of catheter blockage of choosing positive pressure sealed tube was significantly lower than that of Vacuum sealed tube（P〈0.05）. Conclusion Based on the retaining depth of intravenous indwelling needle, puncture site selection,retaining time of intravenous, sealing methods and skilled puncture technique, it can minimize the occurrence of common problem transfusion process of venous indwelling needle.