传播结膜吸吮线虫的果蝇[Amiota (Phortica) okadai]生态习性研究

目的为进一步了解结膜吸吮线虫不同地区媒介果蝇某些生态习性差异。方法用实验室饲养的媒介果蝇在食物上产卵,以产卵数代表对食物的亲疏的关系;观察和捕获现场媒介果蝇绕眼次数及侵袭人眼的数量,测定侵袭眼的频率和强度;初冬季节用结膜吸吮线虫初产蚴,喂饲感染媒介果蝇,经越冬(150d)后剖检,获得感染期幼虫感染家兔,观察其感染力。结果实验表明媒介果蝇嗜食水果类如苹果、梨、香蕉、油桃等和瓜蔬类如冬瓜、胡萝卜等。厌恶大蒜、韭菜等芳香蔬菜和鸡肠、鱼肠等动物内脏。各地区媒介果蝇绕眼、袭眼特性不同:山区果蝇袭眼更频繁;媒介果蝇感染结膜吸吮线虫后能越冬,其寿命长达150 d,幼虫在蝇体内能保持完好的感染力。结论各地区的媒介果蝇食性近似;山区的果蝇绕眼、袭眼能力较强;果蝇感染结膜吸吮线虫后能够越冬至次年仍保持传病能力。本文还讨论了亚欧果蝇的属种名问题。

An investigation on the ecological character of Amiota (Phortica) okadai, the intermediate host of Thelazia callipaeda

To clarify the differences in ecological characters of Drosophila,the intermediate host of Thelazia callipaeda,collected in different area,the ecological characters of Amiota(Phortica)okadai were investigated through various ways,such as using the number of eggs to represent the favorite to foods with the vector flies bred in laboratory;observing the number of field vector flies surrounding eyes;testing frequency and intensity of human eyes attacked by A.okadai or observing the infectivity of rabbits inoculated with the infective stage of new-born larvae of T.callipaeda.In these ways,it was found that the vector flies showed addiction to fruits,such as apples,pears,bananas,melons and nectarine,as well as some vegetables,such as wax gourds and carrots,but they dislike vegetables including garlic,leek and other aromatic materials,especially animal offals.The characters of flies to surround or to attack human eyes differed a great deal,but more frequent for flies in the mountain area.In addition,the infected vector flies could survive over winter and the larvae remained infective for as long as 150 days.It was also found that the vector flies collected in China and Italy showed resemble feeding habits,but exhibited different habit to surround human eyes in mountain area.