冶金行业矽肺患者肺癌流行病学研究

对全国冶金系统４７个厂矿１９８０年１月１日以前确诊并生存的４３７２例矽肺患者的肺癌进行了回顾性队列研究，观察期从１９８０年１月１日至１９８９年１２月３１日共１０年。研究结果表明：矽肺患者的全死因、全癌（主要为肺癌）、慢支－肺炎－肺心病和肺结核显著超出全国对照组。全癌中以肺癌为主，ＳＭＲｓ为２３７。当将矽肺人群分成包括铁矿、烧结、耐火、冶炼和铸造等不同作业类型后，除铸造（ＳＭＲｓ＝１５７，Ｐ＞０．０１）外所有作业类型的肺癌均显著超出全国对照组（ＳＭＲｓ均在２００以上，Ｐ＜０．０１）。肺癌的这种超出未显示出同矽尘的累计接尘年数和Ｌａｔｅｎｃｙ有相关趋势，且不论是吸烟（ＳＭＲｓ＝２５７，Ｐ＜０．０１）或非吸烟组（ＳＭＲｓ＝２０９，Ｐ＜０．０１）同全国对照组比较均有极显著超出。

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF LUNG CANCER AMONG SILICOTICS IN CHINA''''S METALLURGICAL INDUSTRY

A retrospective cohort study Was conducted for lung cancer among silicotics at 47 mines or plants in China's metallurgical industries. The study cohort consisted of 4372 diagnosed male silicotics and being alive before Jan. 1, 1980, and the follow-up period was from Jan. 1, 1980 to Dec. 31, 1989. Statistical significant excesses were seen for all deaths, all cancers (mainly for lung cancer),chronic bronchopneumonia, pneumonia and pulmonary heart disease,and pulmonary tuberculosis. The SMRs from lung cancer was 237 (P<0. 01) for the study cohort. When the total silicosis population was divided into various production types (including iron ore mines,sintering,refractory brick, iron and steel smelting and steel casting), the significant excess lung cancer risk was observed among silicotics at all production types (SMRs were above 200, p<0. 01) except for casting (SMRs=157,P>0.05). This lung cancer excesses did not appear to have the relation to years exposed to silica and the latency, There was more than 2-fold excess lung cancer risk among both smoking (SMRs=257, P<0.01)and non-smoking silicotics (SMRs=209, P<0.01).