腓肠神经营养血管蒂逆行岛状筋膜皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损

目的探讨应用腓肠神经营养血管蒂逆行岛状筋膜皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损的方法。方法1999年9月至2004年10月,应用腓肠神经营养血管蒂逆行岛状筋膜皮瓣修复踝部、小腿、足背及足跟部软组织缺损29例,其中创伤致皮肤软组织缺损15例,烧伤(包括电击伤)创面及瘢痕切除后创面11例,慢性溃疡3例。皮瓣切取范围5cm×7cm～12cm×20cm,蒂长5～12cm。结果本组27例术后皮瓣全部成活,创面一期愈合,2例皮瓣远端部分淤血坏死,经清创换药后创面游离植皮愈合。术后21例经3个月至5年随访,皮瓣外观、血运、质地、弹性佳,踝关节功能恢复良好,皮肤感觉均有一定程度的恢复,两点辨别觉为10～15mm,平均12mm。结论腓肠神经营养血管蒂逆行岛状筋膜皮瓣的适应证明确,操作简便,无需牺牲小腿主要动脉,不需吻合血管,且皮瓣成活率高,供区易于封闭,是足踝部软组织缺损的较好修复方法。

Repairing soft-tissue defection of ankle and foot by sural neurovascular pedicle fasciocutaneous reversed island flap

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical application of sural neurovascular pedicle fasciocutaneous reversed island flap to repair soft-tissue defection of the ankle and foot. METHODS: From Sep. 1994 to Oct. 2004,29 patients with soft-tissue defects in the ankle and foot were repaired by use of sural neurovascular fasciocutaneous reversed island flap, including 15 cases of traumatic defects, 11 cases of burns and 3 cases of chronic ulcer. The flap area ranged from 5 cm x 7 cm to 12 cm x 20 cm, and the length of pedicle from 5 cm to 12 cm. RESULTS: The flaps survived totally in 27 cases, the distal necrosed partially and secondary free-skin grafting were further conducted in 2 cases. Twenty-one cases were followed-up for 3 to 60 months,the circulation, color and texture of the flaps were excellent and 2-point discrimination was 10 - 15 mm. The appearance and function of ankle joints were good. CONCLUSION: This flap has sufficient blood supply and a high survival rate; It is convenient in design, dissection and without sacrifice of major arteries. So, it is an effective method for the reconstruction of soft-tissue defects in ankle and foot.