大型活动志愿者应急应对方式及影响因素研究

目的研究大型活动志愿者对突发应急事件的应对方式和影响因素。方法采用应对方式问卷、社会支持评定量表和自我和谐量表对4所高校的416名上海世博会志愿者进行问卷调查。结果志愿者自我和谐与全国大学生常模相比具有显著性差异,自我与经验的不和谐(t=-4.87,P<0.001)及自我的刻板性(t=13.06,P<0.001)比常模下降,自我的灵活性(t=5.75,P<0.001)上升。有效问卷的416志愿者中,342名的应对行为为成熟型(82.2%),不同行为类型的人员达标情况存在差异,应对行为类型和得分达标数情况相关(χ2=129.7,P<0.001)。对作用效应而言,自我经验的不和谐、自我刻板性、危机意识和应变能力的缺乏等是影响应对方式的负性因素,社会支持、自我灵活性和志愿者经历等是正性因素。支持的利用度、自我经验的不和谐、活动前培训、危机意识和应变能力的影响较为普遍,其他则比较单一。结论志愿者应对突发事件的方式总体成熟稳定,但具有个体差异,并受多种因素影响,有必要针对志愿者人群开展干预训练,进一步提高其整体应对方式的成熟程度。

Study on Coping Style and Infl uence Factors of Volunteers in Emergency in Planned Special Events

Objective To study characteristics and influencing factors of coping styles of volunteers in planned special events.Methods A total of 416 volunteers of Shanghai Expo from 4 universities were surveyed,which types and maturity of coping styles were evaluated and relative influencing factors were defined.Results There was significant difference of self consistency and congruence between volunteers and normal model.Scores in non-consistency(t=-4.87,P<0.001)and self-stereotype(t=13.06,P<0.001) of volunteers were significant lower than those of the normal model,while scores in self-flexibility(t=5.75,P<0.001)was significant higher.Maturity of coping styles of volunteers were found relatively good,with coping styles of 82.2% of subjects were mature and difference among different types of subjects,Relevance between performance type and the number of 6 coping styles scores was significant(χ2=129.7,P<0.001).In terms of influencing factors,impacts from disaccord on self and experience,self-inferiority and lack of sense of crisis and adaptability were negative,while impacts from social support,self-flexibility and volunteers’ work experience were positive.Impacts from utilization of social support,disaccord on self and experience,pre-training,sensor of crisis and adaptability were relatively common,while impacts from other factors were limited on certain coping styles.Conclusion Coping styles of volunteers in planned special events is comparatively mature and stable,but with significant individual differences and influenced by a variety of factors.Thus to improve maturity of coping styles of volunteers through targeted interventions is necessary.