Sodium tetrachloropalladate (Na2[PdCl4]) as an improved test salt for palladium allergy patch testing |
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Authors: | Muris Joris Kleverlaan Cornelis J Feilzer Albert J Rustemeyer Thomas |
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Institution: | Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Louwesweg 1, 1066 EA Amsterdam, The Netherlands;, and Department of Dermatology, VU University Medical Centre, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands |
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Abstract: | Background: In the last decades, palladium is widely used in dentistry. Allergic reactions to palladium are rarely diagnosed with patch testing, even when positive results would be expected. Palladium tends to cross-react with nickel, which should give rise to more positive reactions to palladium dichloride (standard test salt). Objective: The aim of the study was to test whether or not mono-nuclear sodium tetrachloropalladate (Na2PdCl4]) in petrolatum is a better test salt for diagnosing palladium allergy. Positive reactions to the investigated test salt are compared not only with PdCl2(aq.), but also to NiSO4(aq.) and NiSO4(pet.). Patients/Methods: Concentration series of Na2PdCl4] were carried out. 164 consecutive patients were patch tested. Results: 3% of Na2PdCl4](pet.) was found to be the highest non-irritative concentration. The results show ( n = 164) that Na2PdCl4] covers all reactions to PdCl2 (1.8%) and provokes more positive reactions (14%). From the 164 patients, 18.3% reacted positively to at least 1 of the nickel salts. Conclusion: The sensitivity of patch testing with Na2PdCl4] is increased compared with the PdCl2 salt. Therefore, it can be concluded that Na2PdCl4] is to be a better test salt for diagnosing palladium allergy with patch testing. |
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Keywords: | cross-reactions dental exposure palladium allergy palladium dichloride patch test sodium tetrachloropalladate |
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