2017年北京市健康成年人血清中季节性流感抗体水平分析

目的通过对北京市健康成年人季节性流行性感冒（流感）免疫水平的检测，为流感流行趋势进行预测预警和制定有效防控措施提供参考依据。方法2017年4月对北京市6个区（县）随机选取调查对象进行问卷调查，并采集血清标本进行甲型H1N1流感（H1N1）、甲型H3N2亚型（H3N2）、乙型Victoria系（BV）、乙型Yamagata系（BY）流感病毒抗体检测，比较不同组间的抗体阳性率及几何平均滴度（GMT）水平。结果共调查1 163人，其中645人携带≥1种抗体阳性，总体阳性率为55.46%；H1N1、H3N2、BV、BY阳性率分别为25.62%、44.88%、1.98%和3.53%；H3N2抗体的GMT最高（1∶24.75），BV抗体GMT最低（1∶5.67），各亚型抗体阳性率及GMT差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。 成年男性H3N2、BV、BY抗体阳性率及H3N2抗体GMT高于女性，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；不同地区来源人群H1N1、H3N2抗体阳性率及GMT差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；各年龄组间H1N1、H3N2、BY抗体阳性率及GMT差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.001），其中≥60岁老年组H3N2、抗体阳性率及GMT最高，18 ~ 29岁青年组H1N1、BY抗体阳性率及GMT最高；过去1年内有接种史组H1N1、H3N2、BY抗体阳性率及GMT均高于无接种史组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论北京市健康成年人中BV、BY抗体阳性率较低，导致流感暴发的风险较大；影响不同亚型流感病毒抗体水平的影响因素略有不同，疫苗接种等因素与抗体阳性存在相关性。

Analysis on antibody levels to seasonal influenza viruses in healthy adults in Beijing, 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate the immune level against seasonal influenza viruses in healthy adults in Beijing.MethodsIn April 2017, the study subjects were randomly selected from communities in six districts in Beijing. A questionnaire survey was conducted among them and serum samples were collected from them to detect the antibodies against seasonal influenza viruses, including influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus, influenza A (H3N2) virus, influenza B virus Victoria lineage and influenza B virus Yamagata lineage. The positive rates of the antibodies and the genmetric mean titers (GMTs) in different groups were compared.ResultsA total of 1 163 healthy adults were surveyed, in which 645 were positive for at least one antibody. The positive rates for A (H1N1) pdm09, A (H3N2), B Victoria lineage and B Yamagata lineage viruses were 25.62%, 44.88%, 1.98% and 3.53% respectively. The antibody against A (H3N2) virus had the highest GMT of 1∶24.75, while the GMT of antibody against B Victoria lineage virus was lowest (1∶5.67). The differences in antibody positive rate and GMT were significant among the four subtype influenza viruses (P＜0.001). The positive rates of antibodies against A (H3N2), B Victoria lineage and B Yamagata lineage viruses and the GMT of A (H3N2) virus antibody were higher in males than in females (P＜0.05). There were significant differences in positive rates of antibodies against A (H1N1) pdm09 virus and A (H3N2) virus and the GMTs among the populations from different districts (P＜0.05). Similar results were observed in different age groups for the positive rates of antibodies against A (H1N1) pdm09, A (H3N2) and B Yamagata lineage viruses (P＜0.001). The antibody level to A (H3N2) virus and GMT were highest in age group ≥60 years , while the antibody levels to A (H1N1) pdm09 virus and B Yamagata lineage virus and GMTs were highest in age group 18–29 years. The persons receiving vaccination in past year had higher positive rates of antibodies and GMTs against A (H1N1) pdm09, A (H3N2) and B Yamagata lineage viruses compared with unvaccinated persons (P＜0.05).ConclusionThe positive rates of antibodies against B Victoria lineage and B Yamagata lineage viruses were low in healthy adults in Beijing, suggesting the high risks for outbreaks of infections of B Victoria lineage and B Yamagata lineage viruses. The factors influencing the antibody levels of different subtype influenza viruses slightly differed, and there was a correlation between vaccination or other factors and antibody positive rate.