2015年西藏自治区居民主要死因及疾病负担分析

目的了解西藏自治区（西藏）死因监测点居民死亡水平和主要死因，为制定疾病防控策略提供依据。方法利用全球疾病负担研究（GBD2015）中国分省结果及中国疾病预防控制中心“人口死亡信息登记管理系统”中西藏的上报结果，进行死亡率、构成比和伤残调整寿命年（DALY）等分析。结果2015年西藏居民粗死亡率为672.53/10万（标化死亡率为1 146.81/10万），男性高于女性。 3大类疾病以慢性非传染性疾病为主（76.27%），其次为感染性、母婴及营养缺乏性疾病（14.64%）和伤害（9.13%）。 前5位死因顺位分别为脑血管病、呼吸系统疾病、心脏病、消化系统疾病和恶性肿瘤，≥70岁组死亡率最高，为8 676.14/10万，5 ~ 14岁组死亡率最低，为83.94/10万。 居民生前最高诊断单位以三级医院为主，死亡地点以家中死亡为主。结论西藏居民死亡以慢性非传染性疾病为主，各年龄别、性别死亡水平及死因顺位不同，应结合实际有针对性地开展疾病防控工作。

Analysis on major death causes and disease burden in residents in Tibet, 2015

ObjectiveTo understand the mortality and death cause distribution in residents of Tibet and provide evidence for disease prevention and control.MethodsBased on data from the global burden of disease study (GBD2015) of China and the Nation Mortality Surveillance System, the analyses on mortality, constituent ratio, disability adjusted of life years (DALY) were conducted.ResultsThe crude mortality was 672.53/100 000 and the age-standardized mortality was 1 146.81/100 000. The mortality rate was higher in males than in females. Three major diseases were chronic disease (76.27%), infectious disease and maternal nutritional deficiency disease (14.64%) and injury (9.13%). The top five causes of death were cerebrovascular disease, respiratory disease, heart disease, digestive system disease and malignant tumor. The highest mortality was in age group ≥70 years（8 676.14/100 000）and the lowest mortality was in age group 5–14 years (83.94/100 000). The highest level diagnostic unit where most death cases sought medical care was class Ⅲ hospitals and deaths mainly occurred at home.ConclusionChronic disease was the major cause of death in Tibet, the gender and age specific mortality level and death cause rank varied, so it is necessary to conduct targeted disease prevention and control in residents in Tibet.