福建省胃癌高低发地区居民饮食习惯与营养状况的调查分析

目的:通过对福建省胃癌高低发区居民饮食习惯与营养状况的调查研究,为胃癌防治提供一定参考依据。方法:选择胃癌高低发区居民进行对照研究,通过自行设计饮食状况调查表进行入户流行病学现场调查,对饮食习惯、营养素摄入量和膳食结构等进行比较分析。结果:食用油炸食品和煎炸食品的频率(有时吃和经常吃)高发区(分别为33.3%和36.2%)高于低发区(分别为23.7%和26.1%),食用凉拌或生吃食品、盐渍食品和蒸、熬、炒食品的频率高发区则显著低于低发区;两地区居民的主要营养素来源以植物性食品为主,各种营养素从动物性食品和植物性食品中摄取的比例很接近;与膳食指南建议量作比较,高发区居民蔬菜类、豆类、蛋类和奶类食品摄入量低于参考值,低发区居民水果类、蛋类、豆类和奶类食品摄入量未达到建议摄入量,高发区居民每日蔬菜和豆类食品摄入量均低于低发区;低发区居民葱和生姜每日食用量分别是高发区的4.6倍和14.0倍。结论:高低发区居民饮食烹调方法和膳食结构存在较大差异,高发区居民的烹调方法可能是胃癌高发的危险因素,并且膳食结构不如低发区合理。低发区居民喜食葱和生姜可能是胃癌低发的重要保护因素。

Control study of eating habit and nutritional status between the high and low incidence areas of gastric cancer in Fujian

OBJECTIVE:To study resident's eating habits and nutritional status between the high gastric cancer incidence area and the low's in Fujian for providing precautions.METHODS:A control study based on the residents of the two areas was performed through a spot-epidemiological survey.The self-design structured questionnaire was administered to collect the data of eating habits,nutrient intake and dietary patterns,and these factors were analyzed.RESULTS:In the high incidence area,the residents' intake frequencies of fried food and broil food were higher(33.3%,36.2%)than those(23.7%,26.1%)in the low's,and the frequencies of raw food,salting food,parch food and boil food were significantly less than those in the low's.In the two areas,primary nutrients were major taken from plant food,and the percentages of various nutrients taken from plant food and animal food were similar.Compared with the standard meal guide,the residents' intake of vegetable,bean,egg and milk was less than the reference value in the high incidence area and the intake of fruit,bean,egg and milk was less than that in the low's,and the residents' intake of vegetable and bean in the high incidence area was less than that in low's.The resident's intake of cibol in the low's was 4.6 times of that in the high's and rhizome was 14.0 times of that.CONCLUSIONS:The cookery and dietary patterns were of significant deviation in the two areas,the cookery in the high's probably is a risk factor of high gastric cancer incidence and the dietary pattern is unreasonable compared with it in the low's.Eating cibol and rhizome may be an important protective factor in the low gastric cancer incidence area.