龙岩市275例儿童病毒性脑炎流行病学分析

目的通过对275例儿童病毒性脑炎的流行病学调查分析，探讨龙岩市儿童病毒性脑炎流行的病因、流行规律及特征，为龙岩市病毒性脑炎的诊断与防治提供科学依据。方法对2004—2006年在龙岩市第一医院儿科临床诊断为病毒性脑炎的275例病例进行流行病学调查，并对其中162例脑脊液标本进行病毒分离和型别鉴定。结果275例患者主要分布在龙岩市新罗区（57．09％），13岁以下占98．18％，男性65．82％，女性34．18％，5—7月为发病高峰。临床主要表现为突然发病，发热（86．00％）、头痛（77．92％）、呕吐（62．80％）、嗜睡（48．24％）等，脑电图以轻中度异常为主，55．60％血常规正常，脑脊液检查72．43％颅内压力增高，22．31％蛋白含量增高，20．53％细胞数增加。从162例脑脊液中分离到16株ECHO19病毒、8株ECHO25病毒、15株ECHO30病毒。结论2004—2006年龙岩市病毒性脑炎的病原主要是肠道病毒ECHO19、ECHO25、ECHO30，加强监测工作是龙岩市预防和控制病毒性脑炎流行的关键。

Epidemiological Analysis on 275 Cases of Virus Encephalitis in Longyan City

Objective To make an epidemiological investigation on 275 cases of virus encephalitis, explore the cause, epidemic role and characteristics of virus encephalitis, and provide scientific evidence for diagnosis, prevention and cure of virus encephalitis in Long＇yan city. Methods 275 cases of virus encephalitis from the first hospital of Long＇yan city from 2004 to 2006 were diagnosed and investigated and the virus from 162 samples of cerebrospinal fluid （CSF） was isolated and identified. Results 275 cases mainly distributed in Xinluo district （57.09%） of Longyan city. The ages of most of the patients were under 13 years. The cases in male accounted for 65.82% and female 34. 18% , the peak time of incidence was from May to July. The disease occurred suddenly, accompanied with fever （ 86. 00% ）, headache （ 77.92% ） , vomiting （ 62. 80% ）, somnolence （48. 24% ） and so on. Most electroencephalograms of patients showed light to moderate abnormal. 55.60% of routine blood test results were normal. Examination of CSF showed 72.43% of patients had intracranial hypertension, 22.31% and 20. 53% had higher protein and cells in CSF. 16 strains of ECHO19, 8 strains of ECHO25, 15 strains of ECHO30 were isolated from 162 CSF specimens. Conclusion ECHO19, ECHO25 and ECHO30 were the main pathogens of virus encephalitis in Longyan city from 2004 to 2006. Surveillance of virus encephalitis should be strengthened.