糖尿病患者下呼吸道医院感染的临床特点

目的探讨糖尿病(DM)患者合并下呼吸道感染的临床特点与危险因素。方法 2007年1月-2009年12月共收治2520例DM患者,对其发生下呼吸道感染的相关资料进行回顾性统计分析。结果医院感染的发生率为9.8%,主要为下呼吸道感染,占41.1%;主要症状为咳嗽、鼻塞,发热、畏寒,胸闷、胸痛及伴随血糖升高等;检出的病原菌依次是革兰阴性杆菌、革兰阳性球菌、真菌,分别占60.7%、24.1%、15.2%;患者年龄较大、患病时间较长、住院天数较多、接受过气管插管、长期使用抗菌药物、血糖控制不佳等是DM患者易合并下呼吸道感染的危险因素。结论 DM患者易发生下呼吸道感染,应针对上述危险因素,采取综合措施,降低DM患者医院感染发生率。

Clinical characteristics of lower respiratory tract infections in diabetic patients

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of nosocomial lower respiratory infections in patients with diabete mellitus(DM).METHODS The clinical data of 2520 DM patients with lower respiratory infections from Jan 2007 to Dec 2009 were retrospectively investigated.RESULTS The total nosocomial infection rate was 9.8%,most of which were lower respiratory tract infections,accounting for 41.1%.The main symptoms were cough,snuffle,fever,chilly,chest distress and pain and elevation of blood sugar levels in those patients.Proportions of detected pathogens were as follows:gram-negative bacilli(60.7%),gram-positive cocci(24.1%) and fungi(15.2%).The risk factors of complicated lower respiratory tract infections in DM patients included senility,long course of disease and stay in hospital,long-term medication,trachea cannula and uncontrolled hyperglycemia.CONCLUSION Lower respiratory tract infection is common in DM patients.We need to know the risk factors and perform some preventive measures to reduce hospital infection in DM patients.