Leg muscle recruitment during cycling is less developed in triathletes than cyclists despite matched cycling training loads |
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Authors: | Andrew R Chapman Bill Vicenzino Peter Blanch Paul W Hodges |
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Institution: | (1) Division of Physiotherapy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia;(2) Department of Physical Therapies, Australian Institute of Sport, Leverier Crescent Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia |
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Abstract: | Studies of arm movements suggest that interference with motor learning occurs when multiple tasks are practiced in sequence
or with short interim periods. However, interference with learning has only been studied during training periods of 1–7 days
and it is not known if interference with learning continues during long-term multitask training. This study investigated muscle
recruitment in highly trained triathletes, who swim, cycle and run sequentially during training and competition. Comparisons
were made to highly trained and novice cyclists, i.e. between trained multidiscipline, trained single-discipline and novice
single-discipline athletes, to investigate adaptations of muscle recruitment that occur in response to ongoing multitask,
or multidiscipline, training. Electromyographic (EMG) activity of five leg muscles, tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior,
peroneus longus, gastrocnemius lateralis and soleus muscles, was recorded during cycling using intramuscular fine-wire electrodes.
Differences were found between trained triathletes and trained cyclists in recruitment of all muscles, and patterns of muscle
recruitment in trained triathletes were similar to those recorded in novice cyclists. More specifically, triathletes and novice
cyclists were characterised by greater sample variance (i.e. greater variation between athletes), greater variation in muscle
recruitment patterns between pedal strokes for individual cyclists, more extensive and more variable muscle coactivation,
and less modulation of muscle activity (i.e. greater EMG amplitude between primary EMG bursts). In addition, modulation of
muscle activity decreased with increasing cadence (i.e. the amplitude and duration of muscle activity was greater at higher
movement speeds) in both triathletes and novice cyclists but modulation of muscle activity was not influenced by cadence in
trained cyclists. Our findings imply that control of muscle recruitment is less developed in triathletes than in cyclists
matched for cycling training loads, which suggests that multidiscipline training may interfere with adaptation of the neuromuscular
system to cycling training in triathletes. |
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Keywords: | Triathlon Motor control Motor learning Interference Athletic training Electromyography (EMG) Cadence |
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